Grain size distribution of soils within the Cordillera Blanca,Peru: An indicator of basic mechanical properties for slope stability evaluation

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanical properties of sandy and gravely soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The soils were divided into groups according to their origin （glacial, fluvial, or debris flow）. The grain size distribution of forty three soil samples was used to classify the soils according to the scheme of the Unified Soil Classification System （USCS）. These distributions have then been used to estimate shear strength and hydraulic properties of the soils. There are clear differences between the soils which reflect their divergent origins. The glacial soils normally fit within one of two distinctive groups according to the proportion of fines （Group A, 7%-21.5%; Group B, 21%-65%）. The estimation of shear strength at constant volume friction angle and peak shear strength of the glacial sediments with low content of fines was made using published data relating to the measured shear strength characteristics of soils with similar origins and grain size distributions. The estimated values were supported by measurements of the angle of repose taken from fourteen samples from two moraines and by shear tests on samples from one locality. The results of the grain size distribution werealso used to estimate the average hydraulic conductivity using the empirical Hazen formula which results were verified by field infiltration tests at two localities.     

Coupled 2D Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modeling of Megaflood due to Glacier Dam-break in Altai Mountains,Southern Siberia

One of the largest known megafloods on earth resulted from a glacier dam-break,which occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia.Computational modeling is one of the viable approaches to enhancing the understanding of the flood events.The computational domain of this flood is over 9460 km2 and about 3.784 × 106 cells are involved as a 50 m × 50 m mesh is used,which necessitates a computationally efficient model.Here the Open MP(Open Multiprocessing) technique is adopted to parallelize the code of a coupled 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model.It is shown that the computational efficiency is enhanced by over 80% due to the parallelization.The floods over both fixed and mobile beds are well reproduced with specified discharge hydrographs at the dam site.Qualitatively,backwater effects during the flood are resolved at the bifurcation between the Chuja and Katun rivers.Quantitatively,the computed maximum stage and thalweg are physically consistent with the field data of the bars and deposits.The effects of sediment transport and morphological evolution on the flood are considerable.Sensitivity analyses indicate that the impact of the peak discharge is significant,whilst those of the Manningroughness,medium sediment size and shape of the inlet discharge hydrograph are marginal.     

格陵兰岛 Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden 冰川表面运动特征研究

格陵兰冰盖是世界第二大陆地冰盖,其边缘分布的溢出冰川作为快速传输冰带,是造成冰盖消融的重要因素。本文 以位于格陵兰岛东北部的 Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden 冰川为研究对象, 探索开展基于 sentinel- 1A 和偏移量跟踪技术的溢出冰川表 面运动特征研究, 并利用非冰川区流速和 CP0M NRT IV 数据验证了结果的可靠性。对比分析 2017—2019 年三个时期的春季 冰流速, 发现该冰川在 2019 年春季出现了最大流速上移现象, 推断可能是由于 2018—2019 年间冰川融水渗透引起的底部润 滑加剧所致。     

青藏高原北部典型冰川流域化学风化研究

青藏高原生态环境对气候变化的响应是全球变化研究关注的重点问题。地表风化与气候变化之间具有紧密的联系,因此对冰川流域硅酸盐岩风化以及黄铁矿氧化进行定量研究可为理解高原气候变化提供关键性认识。本文以青藏高原北部祁连山典型冰川流域—老虎沟流域为研究对象,通过分析流域河水及降水的水化学和氢氧同位素,研究了冰川径流来源,河流溶质来源以及水文条件对溶质的影响,流域化学风化速率以及黄铁矿氧化对化学风化碳汇效应的影响。利用同位素径流分割得到地下水、冰川融水以及大气降水对冰川径流的贡献分别为18.2%、58.3%和23.5%,并进一步通过溶质产生模型讨论了冰川河流量对溶质的影响。通过反演模型计算得到碳酸盐岩、硅酸盐岩、蒸发岩和降水对河水阳离子的贡献分别为59.1%、20.1%、8.3%和12.5%,蒸发岩、降水和融雪、黄铁矿对SO₄^2-的贡献分别为14.4%、8.0%、77.6%。最终估算得到碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的风化通量分别为50.8 g/s和7.8 g/s,相应的CO₂吸收速率分别为24.4 t/(km²a)和5....     

青藏高原东部发育冰川临界海拔的影响因素研究

基于冰川-气候模型,青藏高原东部的布尔汗布达山北坡、布尔汗布达山南坡、达里加山、拉脊山、贡嘎山东坡、贡嘎山西坡和海子山发育冰川临界海拔与物质平衡线高度的差值(Δh)分别为89 m、85 m、4 m、24 m、16 m、29 m和8 m。研究区5个山体地形、气候和地势的对比分析表明,研究区不同山体间Δh的差异受控于山体平衡线高度（ELA）处的年降水量和ELA以上区域的坡度,布尔汗布达山ELA处极低的降水使得其Δh最大,达里加山ELA处较为丰沛的降水和较为平缓的坡度使得其Δh最小。气候是影响冰川发育最重要的因素,应进一步探寻气候波动下山体发育冰川临界海拔的变化规律。     

喀什:包容与浪漫共生的城市

正喀什是一个包容与浪漫的城市,可能是中国所有旅游者都心仪的城市,所以拥挤在所难免,好在这里拥挤但不喧嚣,也许是这里的特有的文化氛围融化了喧嚣     

高山冰川

是指发育于山区、形态深受地形限制的冰川。多分布在中、低纬度山地区域。其特点：规模较小、雪线较高,积累区不大,补给区和消融区界限明显,冰川以重力流方式向下运动．运动速度和能量较大,冰蚀作用强。分布在山地的不同部位,形成多种类型．如冰斗冰川、悬冰川、山谷冰川、山麓冰川等。中国是中纬度山岳冰川最多的国家。喀喇昆仓山是中．低纬度地带最大的山岳冰川区。     

兴凯湖畔踏青行——鸡西市国土资源局调研组深入基层调研侧记

清明时节,春雨滋润,风光秀美的兴凯湖国家级自然保护区湖泡星罗棋布,冰雪融化,山川泛绿,候鸟回归,到处一派生机勃勃春的景象。     

八大公山:数千种花草树木的“艳”遇

<正>湘西北,桑植与湖北鹤峰接壤之地,N29°40′和E109°40′的交汇处,是我国亚热带生态系统的坐标轴心,八大公山5万公顷的长条形原始森林,呈东西走向分布于此。这里是澧水的源头,桑植民歌发源地,湖南最早的国家级自然保护区。     

Profile of Chief Editor of Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions

1. Biographical information GuoDong Cheng, born on 11 July, 1943, in Shanghai, China, received his Bachelor of Science in 1965, from the Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology at Beijing Geology College （now China University of Geosciences）. In the same year, he started his research career at the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology, Geocryology, and Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. Over the past 45 years, Professor Cheng has published more than 200 papers in peer-reviewed professional journals and