基于合成孔径雷达技术及DEM的公格尔山冰川动力特征分析

冰川流速是冰川动力状况的重要标志,利用合成孔径雷达技术能快速获得大范围冰川的表面流速.利用日本高级陆地观测卫星(ALOS)相控阵型合成孔径雷达L波段(PALSAR)及欧洲太空局的ENVISAT/ASAR数据的特征匹配方法获得帕米尔高原公格尔山区冰川表面流速,并结合合成孔径雷达干涉相干与不同时期数字高程模型对公格尔山区典型冰川动力进行分析,获得研究区不同时间基线冰川表面相干性、表面流速以及基于不同时相DEM的典型冰川表面高程变化信息.结果表明:30 a来克拉牙依拉克冰川表面高程下降了(15±12.1)m,表碛区域近期运动速度变化不大;其木干冰川平均表面高程几乎无变化,但2007-2011年夏季表面流速明显减缓,靠近末端附近部分区域可能已经演化为非活动区;姜满加尔冰川位于西风带的迎风坡,积累区面积大,冰川流速较快,无表碛覆盖,但表面高程仍下降了(8.8±12.7)m.编号为5Y663D0009的冰川冰舌表碛覆盖区可能已经演化为非活动区,30 a来表面高程下降(8.6±12.0)m.综合分析表明,冰川规模特别是积累区面积的大小及所处位置、地形对冰川演化具有重要影响.     

更正声明

正《冰川冻土》期刊2014年第36卷第1期在印刷时将期刊单价定为55.00元,应为邮局订阅的单价60.00元,特此更正!由此给您带来的不便深表歉意!     

冰川均衡调整重力与径向位移近似关系的不确定性

根据不同地幔粘滞度的冰川均衡调整(glacial isostatic adjustment, GIA)模型, 研究了地球内部各个圈层对GIA粘性重力扰动速率的贡献, 检验了粘性重力扰动速率与径向位移速率的近似关系及其是否独立于地幔粘滞度, 同时利用绝对重力和GPS(global positioning system)径向位移数据从实测角度对Wahr的近似关系进行比较和验证.结果表明: 岩石圈对GIA重力扰动速率和大地水准面异常速率的贡献都超过了86%, 而岩石圈以下5个圈层的总贡献不大于14%;利用近似关系, 由重力信号转换的径向位移速率与有限元模拟的结果相对差异大约为15%, 且相对差异的大小不依赖于地幔粘滞度的变化; 根据北美绝对重力和GPS径向位移数据得到实测的粘性重力-径向位移比值为0.141±0.014 μGal/mm, 与Wahr的理论值(0.154 μGal/mm)非常接近, 相对差异仅为9.2%.因此, 定量给出了粘性重力-径向位移近似关系的不确定性为9.2%~15.0%, 为利用此近似关系分离GIA和现今地表质量变化粘弹信号的不确定性估计提供了重要参考.      

中喀喇昆仑布拉尔杜冰川近期跃动分析

喀喇昆仑山分布有众多的跃动型冰川,跃动机理存在异质性。使用Landsat、Sentinel-1A、TSX/TDX等多源遥感数据,获取了中喀喇昆仑布拉尔杜冰川在跃动期间冰川表面高程和表面流速变化。结果表明：布拉尔杜冰川从2006年开始,流速逐渐增加;到2013年之后进入快速运动期,最高流速可达4.9 m·d^-1;2015年8月底,冰川表面速度急剧下降,随后保持较低的流速至2016年1月,而后流速再次增加,到同年2月初便进入平静期。2000—2014年冰川主干中上游有明显隆起,而冰川接收区明显减薄,最大减薄达89 m;2014—2018年冰川主干中上游以及各支流均有不同程度的减薄,冰川主干的接收区高程显著增加,最大增厚120 m。根据冰川表面高程变化以及流速变化的特征,认为布拉尔杜冰川的支流引发了此次跃动,且本次跃动受水文机制的影响较大;结合现有的数据和文献,推断布拉尔杜冰川的跃动间隔约为40 a;为喀喇昆仑冰川跃动研究提供更多的实例,也可为此区域冰川灾害预警研究提供参考。     

中巴喀喇昆仑公路冰川泥石流

中巴公路北段穿越的西喀喇昆仑—喜马拉雅地区,高海拔冰川地貌与低海拔干热河谷地貌相邻丛生,在季风气候、丰沛的夏季降雪、悬殊的地形落差、频繁的地震、局地冰川运动和极端降雨等众多环境因素影响下,冰川泥石流极端发育,造成了中巴公路是世界最险峻的高原公路.然而,由于地缘政治与交通困难等原因,中巴公路冰川泥石流的专题研究几乎空白....     

西昆仑山古里雅冰帽深钻孔冰温的稳定态分析

在西昆仑山古里雅冰帽海拔６０７０ｍ处钻孔，深３０９ｍ，上部２００ｍ进行了温度测量。对实测资料作稳定态分析后，得出冰内温度梯度大，底部达融点的结果。算出地热通量为１１２ｍＷ／ｍ＾２，与青藏高原为高地热区的观点一致。     

玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应

以玉龙雪山冰川区为研究区,基于野外观测数据及遥感数据,分析玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川的响应过程,探讨冰川变化的主要原因。结果表明:玉龙雪山地区冰川持续退缩明显;近年来白水1号冰川冰裂隙数量增多,规模扩大,冰川退缩速度不断加快;冰川冰体温度升高,从而导致冰川消融加快;2004和2009年在玉龙雪山东坡发生的崩塌事件,是冰川消融加剧,冰体温度上升的直接反应;气候变暖是玉龙雪山冰川退缩的主要原因。     

Mass balance and near-surface ice temperature structure of Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong

The accumulation and ablation of a glacier directly reflect its mass income and wastage, and ice temperature indicates glacier＇s climatic and dynamic conditions. Glaciological studies at Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong are important for estimating recent changes of the cryosphere in Hengduan Mountains. Increased glacier ablation and higher ice temperatures can cause the incidents of icefall. Therefore, it is important to conduct the study of glacier mass balance and ice temperature, but there are few studies in relation to glacier＇s mass balance and active-layer temperature in China＇s monsoonal temperate glacier region. Based on the field observations of mass balance and glacier temperature at Baishui Glacier No.1, its accumulation, ablation, net balance and near-surface ice temperature structure were analyzed and studied in this paper. Results showed that the accumulation period was ranged from October to the following mid-May, and the ablation period occurred from mid-May to October, suggesting that the ablation period of temperate glacier began about 15 days earlier than that of continental glaciers, while the accumulation period began about 15 days later. The glacier ablation rate was 6.47 cm d 1 at an elevation of 4600 m between June 23 and August 30, and it was 7.4 cm d 1 at 4800 m between June 26 and July 11 in 1982, moreover, they respectively increased to 9.2 cm d 1 and 10.8 cm d 1 in the corresponding period and altitude in 2009, indicating that glacier ablation has greatly intensified in the past years. The temperature of the main glacier body was close to melting point in summer, and it dropped from the glacier surface and reached a minimum value at a depth of 4-6 m in the ablation zone. The temperature then rose to around melting point with the depth increment. In winter, the ice temperature rose gradually with the increasing depth, and close to melting point at the depth of 10 m. Compared with the data from 1982, the glacier temperature has risen in the ablation zone in recent decades.     

Water quality and light absorption attributes of glacial lakes in Mount Qomolangma region

As they are products of glacier movement, the water body composition and water quality attributes of glacial lakes have distinct characteristics compared with inland lakes. Although satellite remote sensing provides an effective approach to monitor water quality, lack of in-situ measurement data on the status and environment surrounding glacial lakes presents a major constraint in relating satellite data to water quality indicators. This study presents findings of a preliminary investigation into water quality attributes of 3 glacial lakes in the Mount Qomolangma region. Suspended particulate matter （SPM）, light absorption attributes of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles （NAP）, and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） were measured. The suspended substance concentration varies markedly from 0-320 mg/L. This is considered to reflect differing stages of lake development. l-he chlorophyll concentra- tion is much lower than that found for inland lakes, as landscapes that surround these high altitude lakes have almost no vegetation growth. The phytoplankton and CDOM concentration depend on long-term stability of lake slopes. Given the lack of exogenous and endogenous inputs in the Qomolangma region, CDOM in glacial lakes is significantly lower than in inland lakes. These preliminary findings could support efforts to appraise estimates of water quality parameters using remotely sensed images.     

内蒙古满洲里地区冰臼遗迹有新发现

内蒙古满洲里地区,北部与俄罗斯赤塔洲接壤.隶属于内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市满洲里市与新巴尔虎右旗管辖.地处内蒙古高原的北东缘,属高原低山——丘陵草原区.海拔高度一般在600-1,000m之间,地势较平坦,牧草丛生. 上世纪80年代以来,地质专家已先后发现了上更新统冰水堆积、第四纪冰臼、冰河时期动物猛犸象与披毛犀化石等冰川遗迹.进一步证明了冰川遗迹与第四纪冰川的形成有密切的关系.