Lambert冰川流域东西两侧气候环境变化特征

During the 1992-1993 joint Australian-Chinese over-snow traverse of the western Lambert Glacier Basin (LGB), two firn cores were drilled respectively at MGA and LGB16. During the 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 austral summers, two firn cores were drilled respectively at DT001 and DT085 on the eastern LGB. Based on the measurements made during the expeditions, the climatic and environmental features on both sides of the LGB have been studied. Results show that during the past 50 years, the trends of both air temperature and accumulation rate show a slight increase on the east side of the LGB, in contrast to the west side of the LGB. The spatial trends of the accumulation rate measured by accumulation canes at 2 km intervals along the nearly 500 km of the traverse lines on both sides of the LGB are different. Moreover, correlations of δ^18O vs T10 along the two sides of the LGB are also different. In addition, the variations of sea salt ion concentrations show different trends in the past 50 years. All the evidence shows that the Lambert Glacier is a dividing region for the different climatic regimes over the East Antarctic ice sheet, which may be due to different moisture resources resulting from special local circumfluence such as cyclone activities, local terrain influences.     

冰川沉积释光测年： 采样策略与测试选择

释光测年是可对冰川地貌进行直接定年的一种测年技术,已被广泛应用于冰川沉积测年中,推动了第四纪冰川研究的深入发展。但冰川沉积释光测年还没有达到标准化的程度,实际应用中仍有不少问题需要探究,其中最受关注的是冰川沉积物释光信号晒退不完全的问题,即样品在埋藏前因曝光机会有限导致信号没有归零或仅部分归零。冰川沉积释光信号晒退程度与地貌部位和沉积环境密切相关。冰川沉积释光采样需注意几个方面：（1）详细的地貌学和沉积学调查及对采样点的选择;（2）较适合释光测年的冰水沉积和冰缘风成沉积采集及其与冰川作用期次的联系;（3）冰碛夹层中的冰水砂透镜体的选取;（4）冰碛垄采样时垂直与水平方向上的考量;（5）岩石释光测年的发展使砾石成为当前第四纪冰川释光测年采样的一种选择。室内进行释光等效剂量测试时,也有几个关键的选择：（1）粗颗粒石英光释光测年是末次冰期以来冰川作用的首选方法;（2）如果样品年代老于石英测年上限,或者石英不适合测试,则可考虑钾长石后红外高温释光测年方法;（3）单颗粒、小测片和岩石释光埋藏测年技术可以鉴别样品的晒退情况,是目前最适合冰川沉积释光测年的几种选择;（4）如有条件,尝试用不同矿物、不同粒径、不同方法进行测试对比和交叉检验。要获得第四纪冰川释光测年的最佳年代学结果,地貌学、沉积学和年代学的结合是非常必要的。     

华南奥陶、志留纪腕足动物群的更替——兼论奥陶纪末冈瓦纳冰川活动的影响

地史时期大规模的生物群更替总是与全球环境变化密切相关,但其性质、规模与等级各个时期不尽相同,如古生代与中生代的生物群更替在等级上高于古生代内部若干次生物群的更替。这样的例子大量见于海洋无脊椎动物中,如腕足类。当渡过处于浮游状态的幼虫阶段后,腕足类便开...     

Glacier retreat and its effect on stream flow in the source region of the Yangtze River

There is growing concern over the effects of climate change on glacier melt and hydrology. In this article, we used two natural small-scale basins, Tuotuo River and Buqu River in the source region of the Yangtze River, China, to show the impacts of glacier melt on stream flow. Changes in the extent of glaciers and ice volume in 1970, 1992 and 2009 are evaluated using remote sensing images. Changes to the glacier surface area over the same time interval are estimated through the delineation of glacier outlines and positions using Landsat TM/ETM＋ imagery. By 2009, the glacier surface area had decreased by 20.83% and 34.81% of the 1970 values in Tuotuo River and Baqu River basins respectively. The total meltwater supply in each basin is estimated to be 2.56×10^9 m^3/yr and 1.24×10^9 m^3/yr respectively. Mass balance calculations show that glaciers in the study area suffered a constant mass loss of snow and ice, accumulatively approximately -24 m over the past 40 years. The annual and summer stream flow tended to increase in Tuotuo River basin from 1970 to 2009 while a negative trend of change was shown in Buqu River basin during 1970-1986. Glaciers became shorter, narrower and thinner under the effect of atmospheric warming. Streamflow increase has been recorded at Tuotuo River station in response to increased glacier and permafrost melt. However, streamflow decrease has been recorded at Yanshiping station on Buqu River, where glacier melt has lagged behind atmospheric warming. These results show a close but variable linkage among climate change, glacier melting and water resources in the source region of the Yangtze River.     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区新元古代末期汉格尔乔克冰期成因新证据

新疆是世界上保存有完整的新元古代三大冰期的地区之一，有关新疆新元古代最末期冰期为大陆冰川早就提出，但由于证据不充分而一直受到质疑。汉格尔乔克冰碛砾岩具有典型的冰川“落石”，属于典型的冰川沉积，对其上覆的帽碳酸盐岩进行系统的碳、氧同佗素研究证明，帽碳酸盐岩具有全球新元古代冰后碳酸盐岩沉积类似的碳同位素负异常特征，特别是在帽碳酸盐岩底部发现具有典型的大气淡水成因的白云岩，证明汉格尔乔克冰期为大陆冰川。     

河北及内蒙古中低山区罕见的冰臼群

冰臼,是地球上曾存在过冰川的证据之一,也是古气候、古环境变迁的历史见证,中国的黄山、庐山、湖北、西藏和德国、波兰、挪威、芬兰、瑞士及北美等地都有发现,但均分布于冰谷和冰床上,     

1971 - 2017年羌塘国家级自然保护区陆地生态环境变化

利用羌塘国家级自然保护区边缘5个气象站1971 - 2017年逐月平均气温、 平均最高气温、 平均最低气温、 降水量和逐年最大冻土深度等气象资料, 以及卫星遥感资料, 采用线性回归、 相关系数等方法, 分析了自然保护区气候（气温、 降水等）、 水体（湖泊、 冰川）和植被等生态环境因子的变化。结果表明： 近47年自然保护区年平均气温以0.46 ℃·（10a）^-1的速率显著升高, 明显高于同期全球和亚洲地表温度的升温率。四季平均气温升温率为0.37 ~ 0.55 ℃·（10a）^-1, 升幅在冬季最大、 夏季最小。年降水量呈明显的增加趋势, 增幅为11.0 mm·（10a）^-1, 主要表现在春、 夏两季。近43年（1975 - 2017年）色林错面积呈显著增加趋势, 平均增长率为38.48 km²·a^-1。1973 - 2017年, 普若岗日冰川面积整体上趋于减少, 平均每年减少2.11 km²; 自然保护区年最大冻土深度变化率为-35.7 cm·（10a）^-1。1999 - 2013年保护区NDVI增幅达25.3%, 平均每10年增加0.0184, 植被覆盖度明显增加。总之, 近47年自然保护区表现为气候暖湿化、 冰川退缩、 湖泊扩涨、 冻土退化、 植被覆盖增加的变化特征, 而冰川变化引发的水资源时空分布和水循环过程的变化, 无疑将给高原社会经济发展带来深刻影响。     

中国极地冰冻圈数据库设计

以世界各国极地冰冻圈数据为基础，我国极地冰雪数据为核心，全面、系统地存储南极和北极地区冰盖、冰川、冻土、积雪、海冰、冰雪化学、地形等方面的基础信息和观测资料，建成了我国极地冰冻圈数据库，在Windows NT平台上，利用Power Builder和Visual C^ 语言开发客户／服务器（Client/Server)模式下的数据库管理系统（SQL Server），其中空间地形数据与地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO）格式兼容，极地冰冻圈数据库系统与国际互联网（Internet)相连接，通过建立极地冰冻圈数据库系统网页，向用户提供WWW服务网址，用户在权限范围内可以方便地实现对网上资源的检索、浏览、打印、下载等所有功能。     

《冰川冻土》征稿简则

正1.本刊是我国冰、雪、冻土和冰冻圈研究领域唯一的学报级学术期刊,积极支持在冰、雪、冻土和冰冻圈及全球变化基础研究和应用研究中具创造性、高水平和面向国民经济建设的新思想、新观点、新方法和新学说;促进国内外学术交流,传播与冰冻圈和全球变化相关的科学知识,为寒区国民经济建设服务。     

Formation and evolution of the modern warm current system in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea since the last deglaciation

To reconstruct the formation and evolution process of the warm current system within the East China Sea (ECS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) since the last deglaciation, the paleoceangraphic records in core DGKS9603, core CSH1 and core YSDP102, which were retrieved from the mainstream of the Kuroshio Current (KC), the edge of the modern Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) and muddy region under cold waters accreted with the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) respectively, were synthetically analyzed. The results indicate that the formation and evolution of the modern warm current system in the ECS and the YS has been accompanied by the development of the KC and impulse rising of the sea level since the last deglaciation. The influence of the KC on the Okinawa Trough had enhanced since 16 cal kyr BP, and synchronously the modern TWC began to develop with the rising of sea level and finally formed at about 8.5 cal kyr BP. The KC had experienced two weakening process during the Heinrich event 1 and the Younger Drays event from 16 to 8.5 cal kyr BP. The period of 7–6 cal kyr BP was the strongest stage of the KC and the TWC since the last deglaciation. The YSWC has appeared at about 6.4 cal kyr BP. Thus, the warm current system of the ECS and the YS has ultimately formed. The weakness of the KC, indicated by the occurrence of Pulleniatina minimum event (PME) during the period from 5.3 to 2.8 cal kyr BP, caused the main stream of the TWC to shift eastward to the Pacific Ocean around about 3 cal kyr BP. The process resulted in the intruding of continent shelf cold water mass with rich nutrients. Synchronously, the strength of the YSWC was relatively weak and the related cold water body was active at the early-mid stage of its appearance against the PME background, which resulted in the quick formation of muddy deposit system in the southeastern YS. The strength of the warm current system in the ECS and the YS has enhanced evidently, and approached to the modern condition gradually since 3 cal kyr BP. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 90411014 and 40506015), the National major Fundamental Research and Development Project (No. 2007CB815903) and the CAS Pilot Project of the National Knowledge Innovation Program (No. KZCFX3-SW-233)