Exploitable wave energy assessment based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data—A case study in the East China Sea and the South China Sea

Wave energy resources assessment is a very important process before the exploitation and utilization of the wave energy. At present, the existing wave energy assessment is focused on theoretical wave energy conditions for interesting areas. While the evaluation for exploitable wave energy conditions is scarcely ever performed.Generally speaking, the wave energy are non-exploitable under a high sea state and a lower sea state which must be ignored when assessing wave energy. Aiming at this situation, a case study of the East China Sea and the South China Sea is performed. First, a division basis between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy is studied. Next, based on recent 20 a ERA-Interim wave field data, some indexes including the spatial and temporal distribution of wave power density, a wave energy exploitable ratio, a wave energy level, a wave energy stability, a total wave energy density, the seasonal variation of the total wave energy and a high sea condition frequency are calculated. And then the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are compared each other; the distributions of the exploitable wave energy are assessed and a regional division for exploitable wave energy resources is carried out; the influence of the high sea state is evaluated. The results show that considering collapsing force of the high sea state and the utilization efficiency for wave energy, it is determined that the energy by wave with a significant wave height being not less 1 m or not greater than 4 m is the exploitable wave energy. Compared with the theoretical wave energy, the average wave power density, energy level, total wave energy density and total wave energy of the exploitable wave energy decrease obviously and the stability enhances somewhat. Pronounced differences between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are present. In the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the areas of an abundant and stable exploitable wave energy are primarily located in the north-central part of the South China Sea, the Luzon Strait,east of Taiwan, China and north of Ryukyu Islands; annual average exploitable wave power density values in these areas are approximately 10–15 k W/m; the exploitable coefficient of variation(COV) and seasonal variation(SV)values in these areas are less than 1.2 and 1, respectively. Some coastal areas of the Beibu Gulf, the Changjiang Estuary, the Hangzhou Bay and the Zhujiang Estuary are the poor areas of the wave energy. The areas of the high wave energy exploitable ratio is primarily in nearshore waters. The influence of the high sea state for the wave energy in nearshore waters is less than that in offshore waters. In the areas of the abundant wave energy, the influence of the high sea state for the wave energy is prominent and the utilization of wave energy is relatively difficult. The developed evaluation method may give some references for an exploitable wave energy assessment and is valuable for practical applications.     

234Th/238U不平衡法及其在海洋颗粒物循环研究中的应用

一直以来,对于测定从海洋表层到深层整个全水柱的颗粒物输出通量都是一个很大的挑战。放射性元素234Th因其合适的半衰期(t1/2=24.1d)和超强的颗粒物活性而被广泛应用于示踪颗粒物的循环以及和生物有关的海洋过程,并且234Th/238U不平衡法因其采样简单且能得到高分辨率的垂向和水平向数据而具有更远的发展前景。主要介绍了234Th/238U不平衡法的原理、发展历史、采样和分析方法及其在海洋颗粒物循环过程和其他海洋学研究中的应用、存在的问题和发展前景,并重点探究其对于研究颗粒物有机物再矿化过程和受控机制以及深海碳循环的可能。     

基于同化再分析产品研究东中国海海洋锋季节变化特征

海洋锋是特性明显不同的两种或几种水体之间的水平分布高梯度带。海洋锋对海战场环境存在重要影响。文中基于高性能计算机平台,采用海洋动力模式和先进的数据同化技术制作的海洋数值再分析产品(China Ocean Reanalysis,CORA),研究了东中国海温度锋和盐度锋分别在表层和50 m层深度上的季节变化特征。通过分析发现温度锋在冬季主要分布在东海及台湾海峡,在夏季主要分布在渤海及黄海;春秋两季的变化介于冬夏两季之间;东海黑潮区四季皆存在温度锋。盐度锋主要存在于黄河和长江等径流入海区附近。温度锋和盐度锋的季节变化主要受气象条件、河流入海和近岸升降流季节变化的共同影响。     

块体空气动力算法的再计算湍通量与NCEP湍通量的比较

以NCEP资料提供的水文气象参数作为输入量,利用4种块体空气动力算法重新计算了动量和热量通量,与相应的NCEP自身提供的湍通量进行了比较分析,发现再计算动量、感热和潜热通量的偏差值随风速增加而增大;在中高风速下,再计算动量通量的相对误差较小,其他情况下再计算动量、感热和潜热通量的相对误差最高能达到50%左右;相对误差一般随纬度的增大而增大,表明两者之间存在不协调性。研究还表明,改进后的NCEP2资料与NCEP1资料相比,这种不协调性并没有得到改善。     

益心通络胶囊治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术后再发42例临床观察

目的：观察益心通络胶囊对不稳定型心绞痛患者经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后再发的治疗效果。方法：将不稳定型心绞痛PCI术后再发患者80 例随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组38例给予常规西药治疗,治疗组42例在对照组基础上加用益心通络胶囊治疗。比较2组心绞痛疗效、中医证候疗效、硝酸酯类停减率及治疗前后24 h心率变异性（HRV）指标、炎症因子水平的变化。结果：治疗后,治疗组心绞痛疗效、中医证候疗效总有效率及硝酸酯类停减率分别为83.33%（35/42）、85.71%（36/42）与73.81%（31/42）,明显高于对照组的55.27%（21/38）、60.53%（23/38）与50.00%（19/38）,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组24h HRV指标及各项炎症因子水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：益心通络胶囊可降低不稳定型心绞痛PCI术后再发患者的炎症因子水平,提高HRV和硝酸酯类减停率,改善中医证候,提高心绞痛的治疗效果,值得临床借鉴。     

浅析塑料废物的处理与再利用

从我国塑料废物的处理现状及存在的问题出发,介绍了塑料废物回收再利用的方法,并提出了塑料废物污染的防治对策。     

上海1／4废铅酸电池有望进入“循环圈”

上海唯一一家专业从事含铅废弃物回收利用企业——上海飞轮有色冶炼厂将与本市“铅消费大户”联手,打造废铅回收再利用循环圈,正规回收利用率由此可从原来的不足1％提高到25％。     

中国区域COSMIC数据掩星反射信号特征分析

掩星信号在传播过程中能够在地球表面发生反射,其反射信号中的低层大气信息在改进天气预报精准度和气候监测等方面存在很大的应用价值.基于COSMIC(constellation observing system for meteorology,ionosphere and climate)掩星廓线资料,提取了 2011-20...     

湘黔桂交界区富禄组与富禄间冰期的再划分

在中国南华系层型剖面优选区之一--湘黔桂交界区,富禄闻冰期可再分为3个相对较暖热的气候阶段(间冰段)和2个相对寒冷的气候阶段(冰段),即(自老而新):三江间冰段、龙家冰段、烂阳闻冰段、两界河冰段、大塘坡间冰段.相应地,富禄间冰期沉积地层--富禄组可分5个段,即:三江段、龙家段、烂阳段、两界河段、大塘坡段.另外.对古城组和铁丝坳组层型的湖北长阳古城剖面、贵州松桃大塘坡剖面和相关资料的再研究揭示,"古城组"和"铁丝坳组"都是富禄间冰期晚冰段(即两界河冰段)的沉积,均不宜替代长安组作为南华纪早冰期沉积的代表.     

对国标(GB/T 20257.1-2007)地形图图式的认识

简要介绍国家基本比例尺地图图式第一部分(GB/T 20257.1-2007)与(GB/T7929-1995)在地形图要素内容分类、要素符号等方面关系以及笔者的认识、建议。