微型近红外光谱仪测量北极积雪覆盖海冰内部太阳辐照度可行性研究

The extremely low temperature, high humidity and limited power supply pose considerable challenges when using spectrometers within the Arctic sea ice. The feasibility of using a miniature low-power near-infrared spectrometer module to measure solar radiation in Arctic sea ice environments was investigated in this study.Temperature and integration time dependences of the spectrometer module were examined over the entire target operating range of –50℃ to 30℃, well below the specified operating range of this spectrometer. Using these observations, a dark output prediction model was developed to represent dark output as a function of temperature and integration time. Temperature-induced biases in the saturation output and linear operating range of the spectrometer were also determined. Temperature and integration time dependences of the signal output were evaluated. Two signal output correction models were developed and compared, to convert the signal output at any temperature within the operating temperature range and integration time to that measured at the reference temperature and integration time. The overall performance of the spectrometer was evaluated by integrating it into a refined fiber optic spectrometry system and measuring solar irradiance distribution in the ice cover with thickness of 1.85 m in the Arctic during the 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The general shape of the measured solar irradiance above the snow surface agreed well with that measured by other commercial oceanographic spectroradiometers. The measured optical properties of the sea ice were generally comparable to those of similar ice measured using other instruments. This approach provides a general framework for assessing the feasibility of using spectrometers for applications in cold environments.     

阳江迁站对低温预报服务的影响

用日最低气温≤6.5℃作为阳江出现低温的标准,对阳江站迁站前后的低温资料与阳春站、恩平站和高州站进行对比,发现阳江站迁站前,日最低气温一般比其余3站高,而迁站后通常比其中的2个站低。通过对2004~2005年(迁站后)阳江站和阳春站的低温对比,一般情况,阳江站日最低温度比阳春站低;两站的温差,湿冷型低温天气比干冷型低温天气大;天气回暖时,两站日最低气温温差缩小,甚至可能出现阳江站比阳春站高的情况。     

新探明的玻利维亚银沙(Silver Sand)超大型银矿床地质特征和找矿评价

银沙银矿(Silver Sand silver deposit)是玻利维亚锡矿带内新探明的一个超大型中硫型浅成低温热液银矿床,已探明银金属资源量约1万t,平均银品位约120 g/t,并伴有少量铅、锌、铟、镓.银矿化与中新世中酸性侵入岩和次火山岩有关.矿体赋存于白垩系蚀变褪色石英砂岩中的密集构造裂隙带内.成矿作用可以划分...     

鲁中地区典型日光温室喜温蔬菜冷害预警指标研究

利用2008年11月至2021年3月山东中部地区典型日光温室内、外最低气温资料,结合喜温蔬菜冷害指标,应用80%保证率安全法和个例分析,结合田间调查,确定不同季节、不同天气类型下山东中部地区温室喜温蔬菜冷害天气预警指标。结果表明：春季一般无冷害发生,秋季冷害以寡照型天气为主,一般发生在11月,在≥5 d阴天的天气条件下。秋季冷害的天气预警指标为温室外最低气温,其中轻度冷害指标为0℃,中度冷害为-5℃。冬季冷害天气类型为低温型和寡照型,冷害天气预警指标为温室外最低气温。冬季不同天气条件的冷害等级分为晴天轻度、中度冷害,多云轻度、中度冷害,≤4 d阴天轻度、中度冷害,≥5 d连阴天轻度冷害、中度冷害,室外最低气温指标分别为-7℃、-13℃,-6℃、-10℃,-4℃、-9℃,0℃、-7℃。     

印度尼西亚Cikotok矿区帕瑟埃拉金矿成因及成矿潜力

印度尼西亚Cikotok矿区帕瑟埃拉金矿位于巽他-班达岛弧的中部Bayah穹隆中,宏观上具有找到大型矿床的地质前提.成矿围岩为始新世末—中新世早期的安山岩,围岩蚀变强烈,分带性明显,金矿脉具有多条近平行产出特征.矿床有4个成矿阶段:石英-蒙脱石-绿泥石阶段,石英-绢云母-黄铁矿阶段,石英-冰长石-硫化物-含锰矿物阶段,...     

安口镇含金韧-脆性剪切带地质特征

柳河县安口镇一带太古宙地体中发育有一条北东向韧—脆性剪切带,该带由糜棱岩化英云闪长岩、绿泥糜棱片岩、绢云千糜岩等组成,原岩为深成变质的长英质片麻岩。带内已知有金矿(点)6处,其成因是深成变质含矿流体沿剪切带上侵而形成的,受韧性剪切带控制的中低温热液型金矿,因此,加强对韧性剪切带的特征及控矿机制的综合研究对本区的进一步找矿工作将起到事半功倍的效果。     

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.     

我国南方西南和中东部区域两次持续性低温雨雪过程与关键环流系统的关系研究

利用NCEP再分析资料和国家气象信息中心提供的753站逐日气温和降水资料,对比分析了我国南方西南和中东部区域两次持续10 d以上的低温雨雪过程,结果表明:(1)两次过程中欧亚大陆中高纬东亚大槽均加深,但环流形势有差异。西南过程呈现"北高南低"形势,关键脊区在贝加尔湖,而中东部区域过程"北高南低"和"西高东低"形势共存,关键脊区从乌拉尔山延伸至贝加尔湖。两次过程异常的环流与北大西洋向东传播的波列有关。(2)西南过程关键脊区提前过程3 d发展并东移至贝加尔湖,形成稳定形势;而中东部区域过程关键脊区提前过程一周发展,在开始日达最强。两次过程均伴随蒙古高压东移南压使地面降温,500 hPa关键脊区超前蒙古高压2 d变化。西南过程降温主要受到冷平流和绝热冷却影响,而中东部区域过程主要受到冷平流的影响。(3)西南过程水汽来自孟加拉湾,只受南支槽支配。中东部区域过程水汽来自孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋,由南支槽和西太平副热带高压的共同影响。两次过程水汽正收支主要来自南边界。     

印尼西加里曼丹寒梅山金矿床矿物蚀变特征及找矿方向

寒梅山(音译)金矿位于印度尼西亚西加里曼丹省西北部,是全球特提斯成矿域、环太平洋成矿域与印度?澳大利亚成矿域的交汇地带,具有较大的金矿找矿潜力.文章通过对矿区开展矿物蚀变填图,识别出青磐岩化带、泥化带、中度泥化带、绢英岩化带、钾化带、硅化带等6个矿物蚀变带,具有斑岩?浅成低温热液型矿床的矿物蚀变分带特征.结合区域地质特...     

煤的形成过程

煤,早在800年前就被广泛用作工业生产的燃料,推动了当时工业的向前发展,随之发展起煤炭、钢铁、化工、采矿、冶金等工业。煤在地球上的储量丰富,除了作为燃料以取得热量和动能以外,更为重要的是从中制取冶金用的焦炭和制取人造石油,即煤的低温干馏的液体产品——煤焦油。经过化学加工,从煤炭中能制造出成千上万种化学产品,所以它又是一种非常重要的化工原料,我国相当多的中、小氮肥厂都以煤炭作原料生产化肥。煤也被人们誉为“黑色的金子”。