中国北方干旱半干旱区植被-气候响应关系特征北大核心CSCD

气候变化背景下干旱区植被的时空分布及变化特征,是区域植被恢复和国家自然保护区建设等亟需研究的关键生态环境问题。在建立中国北方干旱半干旱区潜在植被分类及对Holdridge生命地带模型进行修正和拓展的基础上,结合中国气象模拟数据(1981—2020年),引入植被面积转移矩阵、Kappa系数和平均中心模型等方法,对中国北方干旱半干旱区气候要素进行分析并实现了潜在植被定量识别和空间分布格局模拟。结果显示:40年间年降水量、年平均生物温度和可能蒸散率总体均呈上升趋势,研究区存在暖干化现象;研究区共出现6种潜在植被类型,在不同年代际均呈地带性分布;温带荒漠植被、温带草本植被和温带森林植被是主要植被类型,共占总覆盖面积约71%;温带森林植被的面积总体增长最快,平均每10年增加1.1%,温带荒漠植被减少最快,平均每10年减少1.3%;相邻年代际间,各类潜在植被的面积转换关系较为稳定,差别在于转换程度;山地森林植被、温带荒漠植被和温带森林植被的平均中心总体偏移距离大于50 km,除温带荒漠植被,其他植被的平均中心总体均往西移。     

欧洲航天局彗星着陆器踏上彗星表面

欧洲中部时间12日17时03分,欧航局位于德国达姆施塔特的欧洲空间运转中心收到确认＂菲莱＂着陆的信号。控制室内一片欢呼。＂菲莱＂创造了历史,成为第一个登陆彗星的人造探测器。由于彗星引力小,＂菲莱＂从距离彗星22.5公里的高度降落至彗星表面用了大约7个小时。为防止＂菲莱＂着陆时弹走,科学家们为它设计了三根螺栓和两个＂渔叉＂装置,这些装置将在＂菲莱＂着陆时钉入彗星表面。     

《干旱区地理》征稿简则

正《干旱区地理》1978年创刊,是中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所、中国地理学会主办的综合性学术期刊,由科学出版社出版。国内外公开发行。具体包括:自然地理、全球变化及大气科学、水文与水资源、生物与土壤学研究、环境变化、生态及其生态系统建设、地理信息系统与遥感技术的应用、动植物生态学与动植物地理学、区域地理与可持续发展、灾害与防治、资源开发与利用、干旱区与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈和人类活动之间的相互作用等方面。     

《干旱区地理》征稿简则

正《干旱区地理》1978年创刊,是中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所、中国地理学会主办的综合性学术期刊,由科学出版社出版。国内外公开发行。具体包括:自然地理、全球变化及大气科学、水文与水资源、生物与土壤学研究、环境变化、生态及其生态系统建设、地理信息系统与遥感技术的应用、动植物生态学与动植物地理学、区域地理与可持续发展、灾     

基于人类福祉视角的中部地区碳排放绩效与效应分解

碳排放绩效是当前国内外低碳经济研究的热点问题,已有研究主要针对经济发展的碳排放绩效测度展开,关注经济产出的碳排放绩效。基于人类福祉是研究碳排放绩效的新视角。首次提出碳排放绩效的概念框架及图解,据此构建了人类福祉的碳排放绩效评估模型,应用LMDI分解法建立了碳排放绩效的效应分解模型,对中部地区人类福祉的碳排放绩效及其效应进行研究发现:(1)1990年~2008年中部六省经济发展的碳排放绩效整体上先增后降;人类福祉的经济绩效与碳排放绩效整体上均呈递减趋同态势。中部地区人类福祉碳排放绩效的省际差距整体上趋向缩小;(2)1990年~2008年中部六省经济发展的碳排放绩效的总效应波动较大,驱动效应和抑制效应交替出现。经济福祉绩效效应整体递增,由抑制效应向驱动效应演进,呈现趋同趋势;(3)中部六省人类福祉的碳排放绩效主要由经济发展的碳排放绩效决定,经济发展的碳排放绩效效应是碳排放绩效总效应的决定性因素,人类福祉的碳排放绩效效应是经济发展的碳排放绩效效应和人类福祉的经济绩效效应两种效应的叠合。     

新疆大型煤炭基地建设规划获得国家批复

<正>从新疆维吾尔自治区发改委获悉:近日,国家发改委批复了新疆大型煤炭基地建设规划。根据批复的规划,确定新疆大型煤炭基地由吐哈、准噶尔、伊犁、库拜四大区组成,主要包括36个矿区。吐哈区以疆煤外运和疆电外送为主,准噶尔区以发展煤电、煤化工示范项目为主,伊犁区以发展煤化工示范项目、煤电为主。其他矿区限制开发规模,主要以满足当地发电、城市供热、工业生产用煤和居民生活用煤为主。近期,基地内煤炭主要供应疆内和甘肃等邻近省(区、市),中长期供应川渝和中部地区。     

Response to climate change of different tree species and NDVI variation since 1923 in the middle arid region of Ningxia, China

The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） is used extensively to describe vegetation cover and ecological environ- ment change. The purpose of this study was to contrast the response of different tree species growing in the same habitat to climate change and retrieve past NDVI using tree-ring width data from tree cores collected from the transitional zone of Pinus tabulaeformis and Picea crassifolia in the Luoshan Mountains in the middle arid region of Ningxia. Correlation analysis indi- cated that radial growth ofP tabulaeJbrmis is more sensitive to precipitation and temperature change than that ofP crassifolia. Natural factors such as water availability and heat at this elevation are more suited to the growth ofP crassifolia, and are more advantageous to its renewal and succession. P. crassifolia is probably the better of the two species for protecting the forest ecosystem and conserving water in the Luoshan desertification area. Ring width of P. crassifolia correlates significantly with average NDVI for April-May （r =0.641, p 〈0.01）, and both of them are influenced positively by precipitation in April-May. The reconstructed NDVI for 1923-2007 shows the relatively low vegetation cover occurred in the 1920s-1930s, the 1960s-1970s, and the early 21 st century. The reconstructed NDVI better reflected the drought climate in the study area.     

南黄海盆地中部隆起的形成与演化

南黄海盆地是在前震旦系克拉通基础上发育的中、古生界海相与中、新生界陆相多旋回叠合盆地。通过地震资料解释,结合邻区钻井与区域地质资料,对南黄海盆地中部隆起中、古生代地层及其形成演化进行了研究,结果表明,南黄海盆地中部隆起沉积了较全的中、古生界海相地层,发育第四系—新近系、中—下三叠统青龙组、上二叠统、下二叠统—上泥盆统、中—下志留统,奥陶系—震旦系和前震旦系变质岩系等7套地震地质层序;主要经历了前震旦纪基底形成、震旦纪—早古生代克拉通发育、晚古生代—中三叠世稳定台地—陆内裂陷、晚三叠世—古近纪形成与抬升剥蚀及新近纪-第四纪坳陷沉降5个阶段。     

Spatial structure of central places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration,Jilin Province,China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.     

Effect of Decadal Changes in Air-Sea Interaction on the Climate Mean State over the Tropical Pacific

Collaboration of interannual variabilities and the climate mean state determines the type of E1 Nifio. Recent studies highlight the impact of a La Nifia-like mean state change, which acts to suppress the convection and low-level convergence over the central Pacific, on the predominance of central Pacific （CP） E1 Nifio in the most recent decade. However, how interannual variabilities affect the climate mean state has been less thoroughly investigated. Using a linear shallow-water model, the ef- fect of decadal changes of air-sea interaction on the two types of El Nifio and the climate mean state over the tropical Pacific is examined. It is demonstrated that the predominance of the eastem Pacific （EP） and CP E1 Nino is dominated mainly by relationships between anomalous wind stresses and sea surface temperature （SST）. Furthermore, changes between air-sea interactions from 1980-98 to 1999-2011 prompted the generation of the La Ninalike pattern, which is similar to the background change in the most recent decade.