荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量研究进展

生态化学计量学是通过研究生物有机体主要元素含量及其比值的变化关系,揭示生态系统各组分间元素循环规律的一门学科,生态化学计量也是荒漠生态系统研究的重要内容。因此,综合掌握水分和养分限制环境下C、N、P生态化学计量的关系对揭示荒漠生态系统植物的限制性元素、土壤营养的供给能力、养分的有效性等都具有重要的意义。基于此,回顾和分析了国内外荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量最新研究和动态,分别从植物、凋落物、土壤、土壤微生物、土壤酶进行较为系统的评述,讨论了植物-土壤-微生物-酶四者的关系,提出了荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量的未来研究方向,期望为全面理解固沙植被的演变过程、稳定性维持机制及其科学管理提供理论指导。     

中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文)

Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change.     

“过去300年中国东部季风区雨带进退图谱与模拟诊断”研究进展

“中国季风环境在不同时间尺度上的演化历史及其驱动机制”是我国全球变化研究所关注的核心科学问题之一。为深入系统地开展对这一问题的研究,国家自然科学基金委员会的《全球变化及其区域响应科学研究计划》在“十五”期间陆续启动了一系列重点项目,“过去300年中国东部季风区雨带进退图谱与模拟诊断”项目（编号40331013,2004年初起实施）就是其中之一。本项目旨在利用丰富的清代雨雪档案记载,重建1736年以来黄河中下游地区与江淮流域35⁴0个站点时间分辨率为月、季的降水序列;并分析该区域1736年以来年、年代际降水变化与雨带进退的时空特征分析,诊断该区域过去300年特征时段降水变化的成因及其动力学机理     

中国地理学会2006年学术年会在兰州举行

中国地理学会2006年学术年会于2006年8月19日-21日在兰州市西北宾馆举行,来自全国的近千名代表出席了大会.与会代表共提交会议论文700多篇.本次年会由中国地理学会、兰州大学、中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所、西北师范大学、中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所联合主办,兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室、兰州大学资源环境学院承办.     

施雅风院士学术思想研讨会暨九十华诞庆祝大会在兰州举行

2009年5月23日,中国科学院院士施雅风迎来了其九十华诞,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所在兰州召开了施雅风院士学术思想研讨会.     

中国特大城市空间形态演变研究

以2008年全国52个百万人口以上的特大城市为样本,分析了1990-2008年中国特大城市空间形态在形状指数、空间紧凑度和空间破碎度方面的演变特征。研究表明:1)中国特大城市空间形态趋向带状特征,形状率和圆形率指数均呈下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是西北部、西部和东部地区的城市;2)空间紧凑度下降,面积-周长紧凑度和面积-轴线紧凑度指数均呈下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是西部地区的城市;3)空间破碎度趋于增强,分形维数呈上升趋势,上升幅度最大的是西南和东南部地区的城市;4)影响中国特大城市空间形态特征变化的因素主要有城市规模的扩大、新型城市空间要素的出现和城市空间结构的多中心化。     

中国省域犯罪率影响因素的空间非平稳性分析

收入差距和流动人口是影响犯罪率的两个重要因素, 以往研究基于OLS模型, 在假设地域空间为均质的前提下分析其对犯罪率的影响, 但现实世界的空间单元往往难以满足“均质”的假设, 多数表现为“空间异质”。以OLS计量空间异质会造成计量结果出现偏差, 同时无法了解不同空间单元的不同影响。而地理加权回归模型通过将空间结构嵌入线性回归模型中, 很好的解决了空间异质的计量问题。利用地理加权回归模型研究2008 年中国大陆省域单元犯罪率的影响因素, 结果表明:① 犯罪率的影响因素表现出空间非平稳性, 流动人口与犯罪率显著相关, 但各个省份相关程度并不相同, 影响关系随空间位置变化而变化;② 地理加权回归模型的计量精度和拟合度比OLS模型有大幅提高     

A relationship between solar activity and frequency of natural disasters in China

The relationship between the length of the solar cycle, a good indicator of long-term change in solar activity, and natural disasters (drought, flood, and strong earthquakes) in China during the last 108 years is analyzed. The results suggest that the length of solar cycle may be a useful indicator for drought/flood and strong earthquakes. When the solar activity strengthens, we see the length of the solar cycle shorten and more floods occur in South China and frequent strong earthquakes happen in the Tibetan Plateau,but the droughts in East China as well as the strong earthquakes in Taiwan and at the western boundary of China are very few. The opposite frequencies occur when the solar activity weakens. The current study indicates that the solar activity may play an important role in the climate extremes and behavior in the lithosphere.     

中国—东盟自贸区边境效应实证分析——以滇桂对越进出口为例

本文将边境效应划分为狭义与广义两类,认为广义边境效应包括正负两层效应且随贸易自由化进程动态演进。通过边境省区占相邻两国贸易的比重这一反映边境效应的指数,并对自由贸易进程中的中越边境云南（滇）与广西（桂）两省区2004～2009年对越进出口月度时间序列计量分析,发现边境效应的演进在省际间具有稳定的互动关系,包括力度不同的相互促进与竞争等关联,文章同时探讨边境效应的内外成因,提出以区域合作及协调发展提升边境正效应的沿边开放策略。