神府东胜矿区采煤塌陷对水环境影响效应研究

煤矿开采所造成的地面塌陷,已成为我国西部矿区危害范围最广,危害程度最大,延续时间最长的一种环境地质灾害,其对水环境的影响也最为严重,不仅导致区域水文地质条件遭到破坏,造成水循环模式发生改变,而且引起水资源量急剧减少,水体污染严重,水环境极度恶化.本文以西部煤炭能源基地神府东胜矿区为研究区,从地表水、包气带水、地下水及水体污染四方面,进行采煤塌陷对水环境的影响效应研究,为矿区水资源供需矛盾、水环境改善以及区域经济可持续发展等提供科学依据.     

东太平洋海隆13°N表层含金属沉积物物质组成与元素赋存状态

为了解不同类型含金属沉积物在物质组成和元素赋存状态的差异,对东太平洋海隆13°N洋中脊两侧表层含金属沉积物(站号:E271和E53)进行了矿物学、地球化学分析,顺序提取实验,并与前人对轴部表层沉积物(站号:17A-EPR-TVG1)的研究结果作了对比分析。研究结果表明, E271和E53是远端含金属沉积物,由非浮力热液羽状流中颗粒物沉降所形成的;17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物是近喷口含金属沉积物,由黑烟囱或者热液硫化物丘状体崩塌、堆积,或者由热液羽状流中Fe-Mn氧化物和硫化物快速沉淀而形成的,近喷口沉积物比远端沉积物更富集Fe、Cu和Zn等元素。元素在两种含金属沉积物中的赋存状态基本相同,除了Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo和稀土元素(REE)等元素在远端沉积物中主要存在于Fe-Mn氧化物相,在近喷口沉积物中主要在残留相中。远端沉积物中REE页岩标准化配分模式与海水相似,表明REE主要来自海水,而近喷口沉积物中REE配分模式与热液流体相似,说明REE以高温热液流体来源为主。相关研究结果加深了对热液沉积作用研究的认识。     

华北古大陆南缘的金属成矿作用

东秦岭大部分金属矿床集中分布于华北古大陆南部边缘，以陆缘构造发展阶段的赋矿沉积建造和岩石组合划分成矿系统；前长城纪陆核活动性边缘沉积成矿系统；中、新元古代被动大陆边缘成矿系统；早加里东期构造体制转换期成矿系统；中生代陆内碰撞造山成矿系统，按矿床形成作用方式可以划分为：（1）构造-岩浆-流体成矿作用，主要以洛南-栾川钼（钨）多金属斑岩组合成矿系统为主，成岩方式为壳幔同熔的燕山期中酸性岩浆的浅成侵入与定位；（2）构造-建造-流体成矿作用，按不同构造作用层次再细分为中深层次的构造作用（主要形成韧性剪切带型矿床）、浅层次构造作用（主要形成构造蚀变岩型矿床）。主要的成矿作用发生在燕山期。     

东濮凹陷岩性油气藏勘探方法初探

岩性油气藏已成为渤海湾盆地内各凹陷重要的勘探对象。笔者根据对东濮凹陷形成演化、沉积特征的研究，结合油田下洼勘探的需要，提出了断层分析法进行岩性油气藏勘探，总结出3种模式，经在多个地区应用取得了较好的效果。该方法立足于构造对沉积的控制作用和地震资料对断层的识别能力高于对砂体的分辨能力，操作简便、实用，对断陷盆地的深化勘探具有指导意义。     

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.     

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.     

青海东昆仑东段铁勒木地区水系沉积物异常特征及钨矿找矿前景分析

近年来,在东昆仑地区以地质找矿为目的,开展的大比例尺1∶2.5万水系沉积物测量工作,具有快速、准确定位异常源的特征,在找矿勘查中被广泛应用,并取得了良好的找矿成果。通过开展1∶2.5万水系沉积物测量工作,在东昆仑东段铁勒木地区圈出了以W、Cu、Au等为元素组合的综合异常12处,其中以W为主元素的综合异常有6处,各元素异常套合较好、相对规模大、异常强度高,具有明显的浓度分带。经过异常查证工作,在GA11、GA25、GA31号异常内发现4条矽卡岩带,圈定4条钨矿体。综合分析认为该区具有优越的成矿地质条件,良好的地球化学特征,取得较好的找矿效果,具备大中型矽卡岩型钨矿的找矿潜力。     

珠江口盆地多期走滑构造与叠合型拉分盆地:以阳江东凹为例

珠江口盆地的成盆机制和构造演化过程探讨是该地区烃源岩研究中不可缺少的环节,也是大家广泛关注的焦点问题.本文以阳江东凹为例,通过整体与局部相结合的分析方法,从整体上确定了研究区走滑断裂的发育特征和展布框架,明确了区域构造运动与走滑断裂的成因联系;并将整体划分成局部,聚焦于阳江东凹古近纪盆地构造演化阶段逐步分解与精细检验,...     

东昆仑活动断裂带西大滩段断层气(Rn,CO2)的释放特征

通过在东昆仑活动断裂带西大滩段进行断层气测试,首次获取了该断裂带中Rn和CO2的释放量。在2004年开挖的2～3m深的探槽内,氡浓度可达20732Bq.m-3,氡发射率可达433mBq.m-2.s-1,远高于在地表的氡浓度505～2380Bq.m-3与氡发射率7～28.19mBq.m-2.s-1(地表氡发射率均值为14.7mBq.m-2.s-1,与世界平均值相当)。从而我们推断该断裂具有从上部第四系覆盖物到深部花岗岩之间的良好连通性。在地表CO2的析出率平均值为18.9g.m-2.d-1,与通常的背景值相当,在探槽中和距离断层1km的地方没有明显的空间变化,但是在断层北侧3km处的一个近乎直立的千枚岩小山上,CO2的析出率却很高,为421g.m-2.d-1,同时该处氡的发射率也高,达503mBq.m-2.s-1,因此,有必要在该断裂附近进行长期监测     

东濮凹陷文留油田盐岩地震反射特征及相关油藏类型

利用地震资料, 结合地质、钻井资料, 对东濮凹陷文留地区盐岩的物理性质、地震反射特征、几何形态、与盐岩相关油气藏的类型进行了研究。发现盐岩具有密度恒定特性(低密度)和速度稳定特性(高速度), 基本不随深度变化。盐岩与砂泥岩体之间有较强的波阻抗差, 因而其界面反射特征明显。但盐岩的流动特性造成盐岩体有多种赋存状态, 它们的地震反射特征各不相同, 这是盐岩解释的主要困难。利用地震资料识别归纳出盐层(体)解释判定模式, 认为本区盐岩主要有3种赋存状态:原生板状盐岩、后生变形盐岩和次生盐墙。盐岩流动变形及相变形成了3类油气藏:盐上堑式背斜油气藏、盐侧向封堵油气藏和盐下盐背斜油气藏。