中国东北漫岗黑土区切沟侵蚀发育特征

In this study, short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area, using differential global positioning system (GPS). With the support of geographic information system (GIS), multi-temporal digital elevation models (DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis. Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM, we discussed the erosion-deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed. The results are: (1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m, gully area extended 170–400 m², net gully eroded volume 220–320 m³, and gully erosion modulus 2200–4800 t·km⁻²·a⁻¹. (2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly, and its erosion parameters are relatively large. The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy, but also with the growth phase. (3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters. The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season. (4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China. The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004, and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m. (5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt, gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring. There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season, which can almost happen throughout the gully, while erosion mostly occurs near head, esp. for gullies having a relatively long history of development. On the other hand, the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season. It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions. Foundation: Key Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40235056; The Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No.20030027015; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.20070410482; Doctoral Foundation of University of Jinan, No.B0620; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40672158; Key Subject Foundation Supported by Shandong Province Author: Hu Gang (1976–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in soil erosion, environmental evolution and regional planning.     

基于湖库水质目标的流域氮、磷减排与分区管理——以天目湖沙河水库为例

湖库水环境保护在保障生产与生活用水、维系生态平衡、发展旅游等方面发挥着重要的作用.水质目标管理是保护湖库水质的最佳管理办法.本文以天目湖地区沙河水库及其流域为研究区域,建立模型模拟沙河水库流域的水文与水质,评估入库污染通量和主要来源;依据水质目标测算氮、磷污染的容量和减排量,结合土地的生态保护与开发适宜性评估,提出氮、磷污染分区减排和土地管控的对策和措施.研究结果表明,沙河水库氮、磷污染物入库通量分别为206.01和3.29 t/a,面源总氮和总磷分别占总入库量的85.7%和67.5%.不同土地利用类型氮、磷输出强度有显著差异,总氮输出强度依次为茶园 >耕地 >建筑用地 >裸地 >草地 >退耕地 >林地 >河湖漫滩,总磷输出强度与地表覆盖度有关,依次为裸地 >建筑用地 >茶园 >耕地 >草地 >退耕地 >林地和河湖漫滩.从氮、磷输移过程来看,沙河水库流域总氮排放量为321.64 t/a,进入河流的为255.53 t/a,在河道输送过程中损失19.4%,最终有206.01 t/a进入水库;沙河水库流域总磷排放量为13.42 t/a,进入河流的为7.90 t/a,在河道输送过程中损失58.3%,最终有3.29 t/a进入水库.不同分区河流氮、磷滞留降解率有很大的差异,中田河总氮、总磷滞留降解能力最强,分别为34.71%和84.31%.2009年的通量计算结果显示,沙河水库总氮达到Ⅳ类水质目标需要的入湖减少量为32.01 t/a,入湖削减比例为15.50%,总氮达到Ⅲ类水质目标需要的入湖减少量为59.66 t/a,入湖削减比例为29.00%;总磷达到Ⅲ类水需要的入湖减少量为0.682 t/a,入湖削减比例为20.70%,总磷达到Ⅱ类水需要的入湖减少量为1.479 t/a,入湖削减比例为44.90%.为了实现基于土地利用的面源污染减排管控,选定植被覆盖度、水源涵养能力、地形坡度、土地利用、氮磷分区贡献量、与道路和村落距离等指标综合评估生态保护价值和开发适宜性,并划定禁止开发区、限制开发区和保护性开发区3个管理分区,最终确定各分区的开发强度限制和管控方式.     

丘陵地区土地可持续利用的景观生态评价

景观生态学以人与景观的相互关系为着眼点，既注重景观系统的功能特征，又注重景观系统的稳定性和持续性，与土地可持续利用概念具有高度的一致性。以位于桂东南丘陵地区的广西横县为例，以土地可持续利用为目标，将土地利用持续性评价与景观生态学原理相结合，从景观生产力、景观受胁度与景观稳定性3方面构建土地利用可持续性的景观生态评价指标体系，包括水土流失面积比、地均工农业产值、景观破碎度和生产力多样性等14项指标，对丘陵地区土地持续利用的景观生态学评价方法和程序进行探讨和分析。     

淄博市淄川区黑旺地域土地整理项目开工建设

近日，淄博市淄川区黑旺地域土地整理项目开工建设。该项目于2006年底经省国土资源厅批准，2007年4月初各项工程全面展开，建设周期为2年，是淄川区的第一个省投资土地整理项目。项目区位于淄川区东部丘陵地区，总面积405公顷，预算总投资909万元，涉及黑旺镇孤山村等4个行政村。计划年底完成全部道路、水利设施等基建工程。     

看义马是怎样节约集约用地的

河南省义马市地处豫西浅山丘陵地区,城市规划区内地势起伏不平,土地面积仅有112平方公里,随着近两年社会经济的迅猛发展,工业和城市用地与保护耕地的矛盾日益突出.近年来,在严格保护耕地的同时,加大土地整理、复垦力度,先后引进重点项目31个,总投资达130亿元.城市绿地面积扩大三倍,但没有占用一分耕地,复垦土地却达3100亩,实现了经济建设与耕地保护协调发展.     

东海县西北部丘陵地区地下水资源调查评价项目通过评审

2009年1月,江苏省地质调查研究院地热中心承担的“东海县西北部丘陵地区地下水资源调查评价报告”通过了由江苏省国土资源厅组织的专家评审。项目组充分收集利用已有地质资料,结合遥感、重、磁数据解译成果,初步查明区域水文地质和地热地质背景条件,对全区地下（热）水资源进行评价。     

Water-tank experiment on the thermal circulation induced by the bottom heating in an asymmetric valley

Water tank experiments were carried out to investigate the thermal convection due to the bottom heating in an asymmetrical valley under neutral and stably stratified approach flows with the Particle Image Velometry (PIV) visualization technique. In the neutral stratification approach flow, the ascending draft induced by bottom heating is mainly located in the center of the valley in calm ambient wind. However~with ambient wind flow, the thermal convection is shifted leeward, and the descending draft is located on the leeward side of the valley, while the ascending draft is located on the windward side. The descending draft is minorly turbulent and organized, while the ascending draft is highly turbulent. With the increase of the towing speed, the descending and ascending drafts induced by the mechanical elevation begin to play a more dominant role in the valley flow, while the role of the thermal convection in the valley airflow becomes limited. In the stable stratification approach flow, the thermal convection is limited by the stable stratification and no distinct circulation is formed in calm ambient wind. With ambient wind, agravity wave appears in the upper layer in the valley. With the increase of the ambient wind speed, a gravity wave plays an important role in the valley flow, and the location and intensity of the thermal convection are also modulated by the gravity internal waves. The thermal convection has difficulty penetrating the upper stable layer. Its exchange is limited between the air in the upper layer and that in the lower layer in the valley, and it is adverse to the diffusion of pollutants in the valley.     

A comparison between different ecological de-farming modes in the loess hilly-gully region in China

The eco-environmental restoration has been a chief task of the western development strategies carried out by the central and local governments of China since the late 1990s, and the ecological de-farming has been regarded as a powerful measure for the ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. “Relieving and de-farming” (RD) and“rebuilding terrace and de-farming” (RTD) are two more mature ones among various de-farming modes. Taking the loess hilly-gully region as a case, this paper summarized the basic characteristics of RD and RTD modes, calculated the sizes of de-farming slope farmland, rebuilt terraces, enlarged garden plots and restored vegetation, and compared the differences of two modes in terms of de-farming area, ecological reestablishment index, investment demand amount and benefits. The results showed that RTD mode has many advantages, including suitable investment, sufficient grain supply and great benefits, and will be the best ecological reestablishment mode in the loess hilly-gully region, and RD mode which is being carried out in this region should be replaced by RTD mode as soon as possible.     

尽职尽责，服务发展

河北省隆化县地处内蒙古高原和燕山丘陵地区的结合部,土地、矿产资源丰富,拥有国土面积5497平方公里,已发现各类矿产42种,全县矿产资源储量达10亿吨。近年来,隆化县国土资源局干部职工求真务实、严格执法、热情服务,各项工作都取得了可喜成绩,多次被省、市、县评为文明单位和土地执法模范县、机关规范化管理及优化经济发展环境典型示范单位、实绩突出单位、信访先进集体。坚持依法行政,加强部门协作作为政府工作部门和行政执法部门,依法行政很重要,它关系到国土资源工作能否为经济建设提供保障,关系到国土资源队伍的整体形象。在新形势下,隆…     

天山北麓低山丘陵地区春季融雪洪水的研究 --以三工河古河道为例

通过对天山北麓低的丘陵地区春季融雪洪水的成因的分析，利用数理统计方法，以三工河流域为代表区域，分析出制约三工河古河春季融雪洪水量的5个重要因素后，进而探讨天山北麓低山、丘陵地区春季融雪洪水产流成因机理，建立频率分析法和相关分析法预报模型进行春季融雪洪水预报。