Regional oxygen isotope systematics of felsic volcanics; a potential exploration tool for volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Regional oxygen isotopic sytematics have been performed mainly on the felsic volcanic footwall rocks of the orebodies but also on purple schist characteristic of the hanging wall series, around two giant VMS deposits in the Spanish Iberian Pyrite Belt, Riotinto and La Zarza. As the terranes of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, these two giant deposits have been affected by the Hercynian tectono-metamorphic events, strongly modifying their geometry. About 60 and 40 samples were collected over a 10×4 km² area at Riotinto and a 3×2 km² area at La Zarza, respectively. Whole-rock powders were analysed for oxygen by CO₂-laser fluorination. At both sites, a same type of low-δ¹⁸O anomaly down to +3.6‰, well differentiated from the regional background (up to 20‰), was identified near the orebodies. The lowest δ¹⁸O values (+4 to +11‰) correspond to the chlorite hydrothermal halo, essentially restricted to the feeder zones of the orebody. Intermediate δ¹⁸O values (+9 to +15‰) correspond to the sericite hydrothermal halo, mostly developed laterally to the orebody until 0.5–1 km. The regional background (+16 to +20‰) is represented by spilitised volcanic rocks. A same kind of low anomaly, but with less contrast, was defined in purple schist in the immediate hanging wall of the orebodies. All these results demonstrate that, despite high geometrical modifications of the orebodies related to the Hercynian tectonics, oxygen isotopic anomalies recorded by volcanic host rocks during the emplacement of the mineralising hydrothermal systems are still identified. This strongly suggests that oxygen isotopic systematics could be useful to identify target areas in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, as already demonstrated on other VMS targets in the world.     

山脉走向对降水中δ18O垂直递减率的影响——以黑河流域上游祁连山区为例

准确定量计算降水中稳定同位素的垂直递减率对水文、古气候及古海拔高度重建等研究有重要意义.使用方差分析方法,分析了黑河流域上游祁连山区3个站点2007年10月至2008年9月降水中δ¹⁸O与海拔的关系.结果表明：由于青藏高原北缘气候特征受西风环流控制,水汽的主要运移路径与祁连山脉走向基本平行,导致降水过程中缺乏水汽沿海拔爬升的过程,以及存在广泛的水汽混合等因素的影响,使得在显著性水平α=0.05下,祁连山区海拔1600～3300 m之间降水中δ¹⁸O在年尺度和季节尺度上均没有表现出明显的高程效应,其年均值为-7.1‰.结果说明除水汽来源外,山脉走向与主要水汽运移轨迹之间的空间关系也是影响降水中稳定同位素特征的重要因素.最后,讨论了青藏高原降水δ¹⁸O垂直递减率的区域变化特征.     

Flow dynamics of groundwater and soil water in the former heap Gessenhalde at the uranium mining area of Ronneburg: a stable isotope approach

Stable isotopes, ²H_water, ¹⁸O_water as well as ¹⁸O_sulphate and ³⁴S_sulphate, were used to study the flow system of shallow groundwater and soil water at the base area of a former leaching heap at the uranium mining area of Ronneburg, Germany. The flow paths and water‐retention times were estimated by comparison of δ²H and δ¹⁸O values in groundwater and soil water to the δ²H and δ¹⁸O signature of precipitation, giving distinctive inputs of summer or winter precipitation. The points of measuring the groundwater were divided into three categories with different flow conditions: rapid flow, stagnant conditions and a transition zone by hierarchical cluster analysis of δ²H and δ¹⁸O values of groundwater. The transit time of groundwater in the rapid flow area is less than 6 months, whereas water in the stagnant zone is stored for at least 1 year. In soil water, a clear response to different input signals is detectable only in the 30‐cm horizon (retention time is about 6 months), whereas at deeper levels a mixing with older water is taking place. The isotopic composition of the dissolved sulphate was used to identify oxidation of sulphides as the source of sulphate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

羊卓雍湖流域湖水稳定同位素循环过程研究

基于卓雍错流域2004年降水、河水、湖水中δ¹⁸O的监测结果,结合内陆湖水循环稳定同位素蒸发分馏模型,探讨了青藏高原南部羊卓雍湖水中稳定同位素的变化过程.研究表明:羊卓雍现代湖水中-5.9‰的δ¹⁸O平均值,相对应于当地相对湿度介于54%~58%的气候条件下,这是湖水蒸发分馏作用的最后结果.此外,入湖河水中δ¹⁸O变化也对湖水中平衡δ¹⁸O有一定的影响,而湖水温度的直接影响可以乎略.湖水中δ¹⁸O对入湖水δ¹⁸O的波动的调节能力很强,对于入湖水中δ¹⁸O大的波动,只有不到50 a的时间,湖水中稳定同位素会重新达到平衡.     

寄生养殖大菱鲆的海洋盾纤类纤毛虫（弗州拟尾丝虫相似种）的形态学和18S rDNA 序列分析

从养殖大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）患病鱼体中分离出一种寄生纤毛虫, 通过活体观察、碳酸银法染色对其形态学特征进行分析, 初步鉴定为弗州拟尾丝虫相似种（Parauronema cf. virginianum Thompson, 1967）。同时对其18S rDNA 序列进行了测定和分子系统发育学分析...     

多年冻土区风火山流域降水河水稳定同位素特征分析

由于多年冻土区流域土壤冻融过程对水循环影响的复杂性,水循环物理过程观测存在困难和不足,而利用稳定同位素方法可以有效地解决该问题。因此,基于2009年长江源风火山流域夏季定点降水和河水δD和δ¹⁸O,对研究区降水河水稳定同位素特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区夏季降水δD和δ¹⁸O受到降水量和温度的双重影响,即受海洋性和大陆局地气团的交替影响。河水氢氧同位素的季节变化和空间差异与壤中流、地下水补给河流的季节差异和植被覆盖的空间差异有关。随着地温升高和土壤冻融锋面的迁移,河水补给来源和同位素特征发生改变,表明土壤冻融变化对多年冻土流域径流过程起到重要作用。此外,蒸发分馏作用是研究区河水同位素的重要影响因素。     

海洋绿藻气生硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha aerea)和线形硬毛藻(C. linum)的形态与分子鉴定

Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from morphological characteritics, such as frond dimension, cells size and shape, their mean length/width ratios(LWR), and cell walls constriction. Thalli of C. aerea attenuate basipetally, with diameter 270–500 μm at upper portion, 160–360 μm at middle portion, 100–160 μm at basal portion. For the upper part, the length of cells is less than their diameter. Cell walls usually constrict at the dissepiments, which are pellucid or colorless and give the filament beaded appearance. In contrast, thalli of C. linum often have a constant diameter of 90–300 μm within the same individual, cell walls usually do not constrict and cells are cylindrical or barrel shaped. The LWR is larger than that of C. aerea. Results show that the pairwise distance between two species is 3.6%–3.7% for 18 S r RNA gene and 53.5%–54.3% for ITS region. In phylogeny, they distribute at distant clades, which confirms a genetic divergence at molecular level. In addition, morphological data indicates that filament diameter of C. linum samples is highly variable, ranging from 90 μm to 300 μm. Then these two species can be considered as separate species.     

长江口刀鲚幼鱼耳石碳、氧同位素特征初报

为了解长江口刀鲚(Coilia nasus)耳石中碳、氧稳定同位素的特征及其可能反映出的生态学意义,作者利用稳定同位素质谱分析技术,首次对长江口刀鲚幼鱼的耳石进行碳、氧稳定同位素的初步研究。结果显示,δ13C和δ18O分别为–12.1±1.8(‰VPDB)和–7.9±1.2(‰VPDB),总体上δ13C波动较大,而δ18O波动较小。基于个体的δ13C和δ18O散点分布可将本研究中的刀鲚归为两个组,可能起源于长江中两个不同孵化场水域的群体,其中δ18O显示出两组刀鲚所经历环境积温上的差异,反映出两者起源水域温度环境的不同;而δ13C的差异说明两组刀鲚在饵料组成上的有所差异。     

硝酸盐中15N和18O的测试新技术及其在地下水氮污染防治研究中的进展

针对硝酸盐对地下水污染的严重性，介绍了用CaO除去CO2和H2O的测定氮同位素比值的燃烧等方法和和利用AgNO3 C(石墨）生成CO2的测定NO^-3中氧同位素比值的燃烧法，研究了用^15N和^18O同位素分析地下水中NO^-3来源和判断硝化作用和反硝化作用的发生机理。     

Laminated tufa sediments formed from overflow karst springs: Controls on their deposition and carbon–oxygen isotope records

Tufa sediments are freshwater carbonates that precipitate in karst regions after degassing of carbon dioxide from groundwater in contact with the atmosphere. When laminated, these carbonates can provide high‐resolution records for the study of climate, hydrological and environmental conditions at the time of their precipitation. The formation of these carbonates directly depends on the hydrological regime, and in karst regions discontinuous discharges are often recorded. This study investigates the record of recent laminated tufa sediments precipitated downstream overflow springs in Trabaque Canyon (central Spain). The hydrological dynamics of the karst system were monitored for over three years and a stable isotope record was obtained from laminated tufa carbonates precipitated from an overflow spring. Additionally, a hydrological model of overflow springs was generated and a tufa δ¹⁸O record under constrained parameters was simulated. Temperature is the dominant control of the variation in tufa δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values within each lamina, although when comparing different laminae, δ¹³C_DIC and δ¹⁸O of river water are also major controls. The positive correlation between tufa δ¹³C values and water temperature is caused by the fractionation occurred by carbon dioxide degassing due to the thermal dependence of carbon dioxide solubility. Additionally, the system recorded a temperature‐independent degassing process caused by the large gradient between groundwater and atmospheric carbon dioxide that is limited to the proximity of the spring. This study cautions on the risk of assuming continuous deposition when studying laminated tufa sediments and highlights the potential of their stable isotope records to provide hydrological information of their aquifers during the past.