Biogeochemical processes of incorporation, transformation and migration of organic matter at the marine water-sediment interface: Simulation by C labelled compounds

The study of biogeochemical processes at the water-sediment interface must be able to explain the relatively small content of organic carbon in the sediment, compared to the calculated carbon flux in the oceans. The input of an organic molecule at the marine sediment surface (Gulf of Lion, France) was simulated by the injection of a ¹⁴C labelled molecule in the water of a preserved interface. A glutamic acid [¹⁴C(U)] simulated marine organic matter, whereas a catechol [¹⁴C(U)] represented continental organic material. The separation by successive acid and basic extractions of the remaining initial compounds and the resulting products showed the relative importance of biological (respiration, assimilation) and geochemical (adsorption on argillaceous particles and condensation in geopolymers) processes occurring at the water-sediment interface. The evaluation was supported by the determination of the geochemical (humic substances), hydrological (conditions of temperature and degree of oxygénation) and sedimentological characteristics of the environment studied and by the estimation of the benthic activity.     

湛江地区旱涝特征分析

用Z指数确定湛江月降水量的旱涝等级,并对旱涝特征进行分析,结果表明:湛江地区大涝、极涝、大旱、极旱出现的机率大.一年中,雨季的后期(9～10月)和旱季的后期(2～3月)旱涝出现的机率大;雨季的中期(6～7月)和旱季的前期(11～12月)旱涝出现的机率小.全年,涝年景比早年景多,雨季相反;全年和雨季,多数年份旱涝相继出现.50、60年代为偏旱型,70、80、90年代为偏涝型,2001～2005年为偏旱型,从70年代到2005年,湛江的旱涝表现为从偏涝型向偏旱型转变的趋势.湛江旱涝的发生有7～8、10～11、13～14个月的振荡周期.     

地下水中苯并[a]芘来源探讨

采用色谱质谱法对2000~2002年地下水中苯并[a]芘含量进行了分析,在分析苯并[a]芘在地下水环境中迁移特征的基础上,初步探讨了地下水中苯并[a]芘的来源。结果表明,苯并[a]芘在潜水含水层、200m的承压含水层以及500m的煤系地层和1000m以上的岩溶水中都有检出,含量低,为数个ng/L;由于苯并[a]芘的辛醇-水分配系数kow很大,为106个数量级,具有很强的憎水性,会强烈地被吸附在土壤颗粒物的有机碳上,因此苯并[a]芘很难从表层土壤中迁移进入地下水,土壤和沉积物是其主要的环境归宿;从理论上看,地下水中的苯并[a]芘是天然来源。     

乐家湾锑矿床元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

论述了粤北乐家湾锑矿床元素地球化学特征,指出F,B,As,Si代表早期硅化岩形成阶段的元素组俣和Cl,S,Sb,Hg代表晚期Sb工业富集阶段的元素组合,Cl在Sb的成矿作用中起着重要的作用。     

2-[2-(5-甲基苯并噻唑)偶氮]-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸的离解平衡及其与铁的显色反应

研究了新显色剂２－［２－（５－甲基苯并噻唑）偶氮］－５－二乙氨基苯甲酸（５－Ｍｅ－ＢＴＡＥＢ）的离解平衡及与Ｆｅ２＋形成配合物的条件。在十二烷基硫酸钠的存在下,５－Ｍｅ－ＢＴＡＥＢ与Ｆｅ２＋形成稳定的蓝紫色２∶１配合物,其最大吸收波长为６４０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为１．０３×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。Ｆｅ２＋的质量浓度在０～４８０μｇ／Ｌ时服从比尔定律。方法用于部级铝合金标样中微量铁的测定,结果与推荐值相符,对ｗ（Ｆｅ）为０．１％～０．５％的样品测定１０次,ＲＳＤ在０．８５％～１．９５％,用于测定矿泉水中ｗ（Ｆｅ）／１０－６铁的测定,ＲＳＤ＜１．５％（ｎ＝７）,加标回收率９８．９％～９９．４％     

重庆秀山志留系小溪组的发现与迴星哨组的厘定

依据对重庆秀山地区微体化石(主要指植物碎片和疑源类)和大型虫管遗迹化石研究,对迴星哨组进行了厘定,将它一分为二,上部为志留纪晚期的小溪组,下部为厘定后的迴星哨组.厘定后的迴星哨组以紫红色粉砂质泥岩为主,与下伏秀山组呈整合接触,与上覆小溪组呈假整合接触,地质时代为Llandovery世Telychian晚期.基于对贵州印...     

双洞单轨地铁区间隧道非线性地震反应分析

本文采用大型商业有限元软件ABAQUS对南京地区双洞单轨地铁区间隧道的非线性地震反应特性进行了数值模拟。采用作者提出并在ABAQUS软件上开发实现的土的动粘弹性模型模拟土的动力非线性,采用Jeeho Lee.提出的混凝土动力塑性损伤模型模拟隧道管片混凝土在循环荷载下的非线性特性。数值分析表明:隧道最大动应力反应的位置将发生在与洞顶约成45°角的位置,在100年超越概率63%的地震作用下区间隧道结构是基本安全的,但在100年超越概率10%和3%的地震作用下,南京地铁区间隧道可能会发生很大的拉应力和剪应力反应,有可能在与洞顶约成45°角的位置产生地震裂缝。因此建议隧道管片接缝应避开该位置,同时对该位置的管片应加强其抗拉和抗剪强度。     

Structural characteristics and active time of the Kangmar detachment,southern TibetEI北大核心CSCD

The Kangmar gneiss dome, typical of the north Himalayan gneiss domes, is composed of three tectono- lithologic units separated by an upper and a lower detachment fault (Kangmar detachment fault). The low-grade metamorphic Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary sequence formed the upper unit above the brittle upper detachment fault. The mylonitic granites and two-mica granites made up the lower unit beneath the ductile lower detachment fault. The mylonitc middle-grade garnet two-mica schist and biotite-plagioclase gneiss constituted the middle unit inbetween the two detachment faults and were involved in the ductile deformation of the Kangmar detachment fault. The meso- and micro-scale structural analyses on the tectonites from the detachment fault zone indicated that the Kangmar detachment fault experienced a top-down-to-north shear. Integrating macro-/micro-analyses of petrology and mineralogy, this study adopts 40Ar/39Ar dating method to constrain the active time of the Kangmar detachment fault. Analyses of the syn-deformation muscovite from the mylonitic garnet two-mica schist yield a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 13.23±0.15 Ma, representing the active time of the Kangmar detachment fault. The chronological result hints that the Kangmar detachment was synchronous with the south Tibet detachment systems to the south and was probably part of the south Tibet detachment systems exposed in the Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary sequence. However, this hypothesis needs from the supports of more geological and geophysical evidence. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

简单的热带海气耦合波——Rossby波的相互作用

在本文中分析了当大气和海洋中未经耦合前的自由波均为Rossby模时,经相互作用后所激发出的耦合波的物理性质。结果表明,由于大气和海洋的背景状态不同,可以激发出两类不稳定耦合Rossby波。一类波要求大气的背景场是斜压的,而海洋的混合层较深,即热容量较大。这是一类弱相互作用的不稳定波。另一类要求大气的背景场趋于正压性,而海洋的混合层较浅,即热容量较小。这是一类强相互作用的不稳定波。色散关系的计算表明,这两类不稳定波产生的物理机制也不相同。文中对解不同截断模的本征值问题提出了几种数学方法,同时还进一步提出了一种使大气和海洋自由Rossby模的色散关系不受歪曲的处理方法。     

Atmospheric chemistry of the monoterpene reaction products nopinone,camphenilone, and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with nopinone (6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-one) and camphenilone (3,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one) and for the reactions of 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene with OH and NO₃ radicals and O₃ have been measured at 296±2 K. The rate constants (cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1 units) obtained were, for reaction with the OH radical: nopinone, (1.43±0.37)×10^–11; camphenilone, (5.15±1.44)×10^–12; and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene, (1.29±0.33)×10^–10; for reaction with the NO₃ radical: 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene, (1.05±0.38)×10^–11; and for reaction with O₃: 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene, (1.50±0.53)×10^–16. These data are used to calculate the tropospheric lifetimes of these monoterpene atmospheric reaction products.