An isotopic study of hydrocarbon generation processes

The sources of reservoired liquid hydrocarbons in Australia differ substantially from their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. Not only are Australian source rocks largely of terrigenous origin but the concepts accepted as defining the hydrocarbon potential of source rocks have recently been challenged. Although isotopic measurements on Australian source rocks and liquid hydrocarbon products closely parallel those published from elsewhere, new interpretations of these data have been made, particularly with regard to D/H ratios in coals. As interesting as such results may be, the most important findings relate to the origins and histories of methane, the higher gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and the interpretation of these data in terms of hydrocarbon genesis. Simple Northern Hemisphere concepts which characterize gases as being biogenic, oil-associated, etc., on the bases of their isotopic and chemical compositions are clearly not applicable to the Australian scene. Indeed justification of such precise classifications in the Northern Hemisphere on the available evidence is also questioned.Isotopic and compositional data from gases from the Cooper, Bowen, Sydney and Gippsland Basins and from the North West Shelf (Australia) are reviewed, and assessed in terms of generation pathways.     

新疆罗布泊K1孔磁性地层及古纬度初析

Ｋ１孔位于罗布泊“耳轮”构造的北缘。磁性地层初步研究得知,在孔深６１～６２ｍ处为界,以上为布容正向极性时（Ｂｒ）,以下为松山反向极性时（Ｍａ）。在孔底９７～１００ｍ处的正向极性偏移应属Ｃｏｂｂ Ｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ事件,对照Ｓ．Ｃ．Ｃａｎｄｅ和Ｄ．Ｖ．Ｋｅｎｋ修定的古地磁极性年表,氏地层的年代为１．２Ｍａ,归属早更新世中期。中更新世地层厚５０余米,晚更新世地层厚１０ｍ左右,全新世地层厚度小于５ｍ。根     

Palaeomagnetism of the ca. 440 Ma Cape St Mary's sills of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland: implications for Iapetus Ocean closure

We report on the palaeomagnetism of the gabbroic Cape St Mary's sills of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, which have previously yielded a 441±2  Ma U–Pb baddeleyite age (latest Ordovician or earliest Silurian). At 12 of 19 sites, stepwise alternating-field or thermal demagnetization isolated a stable characteristic remanence carried by magnetite. This remanence is shown to pre-date Early Devonian folding of the sills. Although a baked-contact test was inconclusive, the positive fold test and the low grade of metamorphism of the sills (prehnite–pumpellyite facies) make it likely that the characteristic remanence is primary. The tilt-corrected site-mean characteristic remanence has a declination of 343° and an inclination of −51° ( k =25, α ₉₅=9°), yielding a ∼440  Ma palaeopole at 10°N, 140°E ( dm =12°, dp =8°) for West (North American) Avalonia. The corresponding ∼440  Ma palaeolatitude for the Avalon Peninsula is 32°S±8°. The only other West Avalonian palaeolatitude determination from rocks that could be of similar age is from the Dunn Point volcanics of Nova Scotia; their more southerly palaeolatitude of 41°S±5° suggests that they are significantly older than 440  Ma, a possibility that we recommend testing with U–Pb dating. Although no ∼440  Ma palaeolatitude determinations are available for East Avalonia (parts of southern Britain and Ireland), interpolating between mid-Ordovician and mid-Silurian determinations gives an estimate of ∼25°S. This is consistent with our Cape St Mary's result and, if the Iapetus Ocean closed orthogonally, with a narrow (∼1000  km) Iapetus Ocean of approximately east–west orientation between Avalonia and Laurentia by 440  Ma.     

柴达木地块古地磁研究及其演化

根据柴达木地块获得的6个古地磁数据,结合已知的古地磁数据阐述了柴达木地块及与相邻板块间的演化模式.结果表明柴达木地块从震旦纪到石炭纪一直处于赤道附近和低纬度地区.石炭纪时,柴达木、杨子及走廊过渡带三地块均处在赤道附近,三者可能是连在一起的.而华北板块与上述三地块至少有10°左右的纬向差,因此,华北与柴达木、杨子和走廊过渡带当时还没有连在一起.     

中国东部晚元古冰成岩的古地磁及地质意义

笔者重点研究了华北地块南缘罗圈组纹泥岩和扬子地块东南缘南沱组冰碛岩的古地磁特征。在四个剖面的 2 5个点采集 2 72块样品 ,用超导磁力仪测量了大部岩石样品的剩余磁性。通过详细的逐步热退磁清洗和数学分析 ,岩石等温剩磁实验 ,以及倒转、广义褶皱和一致性检验 ,从而获得新的较为可靠的古地磁数据。华北地块在最晚元古 ( 62 0～ 60 0Ma)处于 13.9°S ;而扬子地块在晚元古 ( 730～ 70 0Ma)处于 19.2°N。新的古地磁数据补充了中国东部华北、扬子地块晚元古震旦纪的古地磁数据库。地质观察事实和不同研究者获得的数据都表明 ,两地块在 80 0～ 60 0Ma期间处于低古纬度的热带、亚热带气候环境中。全球所有大陆该时期冰成岩及上、下层位非冰成岩—碳酸盐岩岩石学和古地磁研究认为 ,晚元古低纬度冰川形成与全球超大陆的裂离和引起的气候异常有关。晚元古冰川沉积可以分为两个构造 -地层类型。它们记录了晚元古超大陆拼合和分离时冰川作用的构造 -沉积位置 ,最普遍的是在超大陆分离的持续期间 ,在扩张构造域形成冰川沉积 ,因此冰川沉积都与活动边缘盆地和裂谷盆地有关。我国南沱冰成岩分布于扬子地块及其东南缘的浙西、皖南、赣北、湘西、桂北等地的NE -SW伸长的大陆边缘敞开的海盆内 ,具有强烈的火山和冰