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排序方式: 共有1565条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
80年代以来,广西小平阳岩溶区出现了大量的地裂缝。通过调查研究.这些地裂缝的形成是受多种因素控制的.其中包括构造、土体性质、水的作用、地形地貌、气候及植被等因素。在上述因素中.构造是主导因素,上体性质是基础因素.其它则为诱发因素,也是因地质环境要素变化所引起的因素。主导因素是通过诱发因素起作用的.并最终通过土体性质因素导致产土地裂缝。 相似文献
2.
Fazlur-Rahman 《山地科学学报》2007,4(4):331-343
Pakistan is predominantly a mountainous country where rural development activities are characterised by inconsistency, politically motivated short-term projects without proper feedback. Since the inception of the country, the top-down approach has been followed, and the same development plans that were formulated for the plain areas have been extended to the mountains without any modification. In doing so, neither the participation of the local communities was cared for, nor the mountain specificities were considered in the planning process. Moreover, the representation of the local inhabitants was improper and contradictory to the facts. This biased approach has been one of the main causes for the failure of development projects carried out by different agencies of the Government. Contrary to the perception of the state authorities, the mountain communities proved to be more open to accept new approaches and demonstrated the capacity and capability of being a dependable development partner. In this paper, a detailed account of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) has been presented to assess and evaluate the approach followed by this non-governmental organisation (NGO), and the response of the local inhabitants as collaborators in the development process. The achievements of the AKRSP from project planning, implementation and monitoring can be adopted as a model for rural development not only in the plains, but also in the mountainous areas of the developing countries in the world. 相似文献
3.
Detrital zircon provenance of Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic deposits in Iran: Implications for chronostratigraphy and collisional tectonics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
B.K. Horton J. Hassanzadeh D.F. Stockli G.J. Axen R.J. Gillis B. Guest A. Amini M.D. Fakhari S.M. Zamanzadeh M. Grove 《Tectonophysics》2008,451(1-4):97-122
Ion-microprobe U–Pb analyses of 589 detrital zircon grains from 14 sandstones of the Alborz mountains, Zagros mountains, and central Iranian plateau provide an initial framework for understanding the Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic provenance history of Iran. The results place improved chronological constraints on the age of earliest sediment accumulation during Neoproterozoic–Cambrian time, the timing of the Mesozoic Iran–Eurasia collision and Cenozoic Arabia–Eurasia collision, and the contribution of various sediment sources of Gondwanan and Eurasian affinity during opening and closure of the Paleotethys and Neotethys oceans. The zircon age populations suggest that deposition of the extensive ~ 1 km-thick clastic sequence at the base of the cover succession commenced in latest Neoproterozoic and terminated by Middle Cambrian time. Comparison of the geochronological data with detrital zircon ages for northern Gondwana reveals that sediment principally derived from the East African orogen covered a vast region encompassing northern Africa and the Middle East. Although most previous studies propose a simple passive-margin setting for Paleozoic Iran, detrital zircon age spectra indicate Late Devonian–Early Permian and Cambrian–Ordovician magmatism. These data suggest that Iran was affiliated with Eurasian magmatic arcs or that rift-related magmatic activity during opening of Paleotethys and Neotethys was more pronounced than thought along the northern Gondwanan passive-margin. For a Triassic–Jurassic clastic overlap assemblage (Shemshak Formation) in the Alborz mountains, U–Pb zircon ages provide chronostratigraphic age control requiring collision of Iran with Eurasia by late Carnian–early Norian time (220–210 Ma). Finally, Cenozoic strata yield abundant zircons of Eocene age, consistent with derivation from arc magmatic rocks related to late-stage subduction and/or breakoff of the Neotethys slab. Together with the timing of foreland basin sedimentation in the Zagros, these detrital zircon ages help bracket the onset of the Arabia–Eurasia collision in Iran between middle Eocene and late Oligocene time. 相似文献
4.
Impact of land use covers upon karst processes in a typical Fengcong depression system of Nongla, Guangxi, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cheng Zhang Jianguo Pei Yunqiu Xie Jianhua Cao Lanling Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(8):1621-1626
The direction and intensity of karst processes can be deeply affected by soil physical and chemical variations which were
resulted from land use. Taking Nongla Fengcong depression area, Mashan County, Guangxi as an example, authors discussed the
impact of land use on karst processes based on the data of field limestone tablet. The results showed that the corrosional
rates at varied soil depth are quite different. Corrosional rate in woodland and orchard is mostly bigger than 20 mg/a, which
is much higher than that in tilled land and shrub. Generally, corrosional rate decreased from orchard, woodland, tilled land,
fallow land and shrub successively, in which soil organic matter (OM) and soil pH are two major controlling factors: corrosion
process is controlled remarkably by soil OM in woodland and orchard. The higher the organic matter content is and the less
the pH value is, the higher the corrosional rate is. Owing to lower organic matter content, the corrosional rate is mainly
affected by soil CO2 in tilled land and shrub. 相似文献
5.
The carbonate-rock aquifer in the Great Valley, West Virginia, USA, was evaluated using a database of 687 sinkholes and 350
specific capacity tests to assess structural, lithologic, and topographic influences on the groundwater flow system. The enhanced
permeability of the aquifer is characterized in part by the many sinkholes, springs, and solutionally enlarged fractures throughout
the valley. Yet, vertical components of subsurface flow in this highly heterogeneous aquifer are currently not well understood.
To address this problem, this study examines the apparent relation between geologic features of the aquifer and two spatial
indices of enhanced permeability attributed to aquifer karstification: (1) the distribution of sinkholes and (2) the occurrence
of wells with relatively high specific capacity. Statistical results indicate that sinkholes (funnel and collapse) occur primarily
along cleavage and bedding planes parallel to subparallel to strike where lateral or downward vertical gradients are highest.
Conversely, high specific capacity values are common along prominent joints perpendicular or oblique to strike. The similarity
of the latter distribution to that of springs suggests these fractures are areas of upward-convergent flow. These differences
between sinkhole and high specific capacity distributions suggest vertical flow components are primarily controlled by the
orientation of geologic structure and associated subsurface fracturing. 相似文献
6.
The largest karst cave discovered in a tunnel during motorway construction in Slovenia’s Classical Karst (Kras) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karst researchers of the Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU are regularly consulted during the planning of Slovenia’s motorways
and invited to observe and monitor construction in the karst areas. More than 350 caves have been discovered in the course
of building 60 km of new motorways over the past decade. Access to the most important caves is preserved by concrete tubes
closed with metal covers at the roadside. The largest cave system in a tunnel, named LC-S647, is almost entirely preserved.
The protection of this cave will serve as a good example for the preservation of natural heritage in the future. Construction
work for the motorway uncovered a high degree of karstification. In particular, the discovery of this cave in the Kastelec
tunnel LC-S647 showed the existence of a major cave system in the geological and speleological past. A number of unconnected
passages have also been found. Caves discovered during highway construction have brought new knowledge about the cavernosity
and the geological history of this part of the karst. 相似文献
7.
Karst aquifers represent important water resources in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, karst aquifers are characterised
by high contamination risks. This paper presents a travel time based method for the estimation of karst groundwater vulnerability.
It considers (1) physics-based lateral flow within the uppermost weathered zone (epikarst) in a limestone-dominated region
and (2) high velocities of vertical infiltration at discrete infiltration points (e.g. sinkholes) or lines (e.g. dry valleys,
faults). Consequently, the Transit Time Method honours the actual flow path within the unsaturated zone of a karst aquifer
system. A test site in Northern Jordan was chosen for the demonstration of the assessment technique, i.e. the catchment area
of the Qunayyah Spring north of the capital Amman. The results demonstrate that zones of highest vulnerability lie within
valleys and nearby main fault zones. It also reveals that regions, categorised as protected areas by other methods due to
thick unsaturated zones, contribute to a major degree to the total risk. 相似文献
8.
N. Nur Ozyurt 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(4):731-736
Salinity and temperature variations in groundwater discharge from the Altug submarine karst cave have been observed at 28 m
below sea level for every 10 min between November 2004 and August 2005 to determine the drivers that govern the salinization.
Comparisons between temporal trends of salinity and temperature with those of precipitation, air pressure, sea level and wind
velocity revealed an apparent dominance of precipitation regime on the salinity and temperature variations. Spectral analyses
applied to observations showed that the air pressure and sea level oscillations are affected by sun and moon tides which do
not have an appreciable impact on the salinity and temperature variations. Annual rate of salinization in Altug cave seems
inversely related to the inland groundwater head so that the maximum and minimum fresh water contributions occur at mid-spring
and late-summer, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Atlas of karst area based on Web GIS technology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leszek Litwin 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1029-1036
10.
Development of a 3D GIS and its application to karst areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is a growing interest in modeling and analyzing karst phenomena in three dimensions. This paper integrates geology,
groundwater hydrology, geographic information system (GIS), database management system (DBMS), visualization and data mining
to study karst features in Huaibei, China. The 3D geo-objects retrieved from the karst area are analyzed and mapped into different
abstract levels. The spatial relationships among the objects are constructed by a dual-linker. The shapes of the 3D objects
and the topological models with attributes are stored and maintained in the DBMS. Spatial analysis was then used to integrate
the data in the DBMS and the 3D model to form a virtual reality (VR) to provide analytical functions such as distribution
analysis, correlation query, and probability assessment. The research successfully implements 3D modeling and analyses in
the karst area, and meanwhile provides an efficient tool for government policy-makers to set out restrictions on water resource
development in the area. 相似文献