广西省右江流域之“红锑”矿

红锑即养化锑,土人因其表面多显红棕色,故统名之曰‘红锑’此种红棕色,实为由铁质渲染而成。此矿在桂省西部左江流域之分布甚广,计有田东、田阳、天保、靖西,镇结、向都、万罔、平治、万承、龙茗、养利等县,其年产量之最高数字,     

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus Linn)胃酸的PH值,周日变化及其在消化兰藻中的作用

通过测定喂食水华微囊藻的尼罗罗非鱼胃PH值、不同颜色粪便的叶綠素/脱镁叶綠素比例,发现尼罗罗非鱼具有一个与摄食相关的胃酸分泌周期。摄食旺期胃平均PH值为1.47,最低值为0.8。停食后PH值升高,最大值为6.0。用不同浓度的盐酸处理水华微囊藻和对不同颜色粪便的营养分析结果表明,高浓度的胃酸(PH<2)溶解了水华微囊藻细胞壁,为肠消化酶对细胞内含物进行消化创造了先决条件。     

大气棕色云和区域气候变化

<正>2008年联合国环境规划署(UNEP)发布了研究报告《大气棕色云——亚洲区域评价报告》(Atmospheric Brown Clouds—Regional Assessment Report with Focus on Asia),重点介绍了大气棕色云的基本概念、辐射强迫和气候效应,对有关亚洲大气棕色云和区域气候变化的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

陕西佛坪发现世界第五只棕色大熊猫

日前,世界第五只棕色大熊猫在陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区现身。这是在佛坪县境内发现的第四只棕色大熊猫。迄今为止,世界上有科学记载的5只棕色大熊猫,有4只发现于佛坪县。     

喜马拉雅珠峰地区冬季大气气溶胶化学组分及光学特征

为了研究喜马拉雅山北坡冬季大气气溶胶化学组分、光学特征及来源,2017年11—12月在珠穆朗玛峰站(QOMS)共采集22个PM2.5样品.结果显示:PM2.5中包括水溶性离子(WSIs)、有机质(OM)、元素碳(EC)在内的所有检测成分,总质量浓度为(3.36±1.06)μg·m-3;有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和水...     

大气气溶胶成分遥感研究进展

大气气溶胶成分的复杂变化导致其在气候变化评估中具有很高的不确定性。气溶胶成分遥感利用遥感观测的气溶胶光学—微物理参数,定量估计整层大气气溶胶主要成分含量,具有实时快速、空间覆盖、保持气溶胶自然状态等特点。本文介绍了近年来气溶胶成分遥感在理论基础和观测研究方面的进展情况。首先,在简要回顾反演算法发展的基础上,以目前较先进的成分遥感分类模型(包括黑碳、棕色碳、沙尘、非吸光有机物、细粒子无机盐、海盐和水)为例,详细分析了气溶胶成分遥感反演的思路。据此提出了基于气溶胶综合光学—微物理特性(包括光学吸收/散射、粒径尺度、形状等敏感性特征参数)的气溶胶成分遥感识别方法。之后,结合气溶胶混合方式,讨论了复折射指数计算方法及其对成分反演的影响,并给出了利用同步化学采样观测验证气溶胶成分遥感的一些结果示例。最后,结合观测手段拓展、成分模型优化、反演精度提升、应用能力推广等4个方向,展望了大气气溶胶成分遥感的发展趋势,及其在全球气候变化评估等领域的应用。     

A comparison of measured 137Cs and excess 210Pb levels in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area

This contribution analyzes the similarities and differences between the measured activities of 137Cs and excess 210pb （210Pbex） in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area, discusses the influ- ence of soil texture on the measurement of 210Pbex, and presents differences between the two types of soils. Fields A and B were selected to represent the fields that contain cultivated brown and cinnamon soils, respectively. From either study field, one site of sectioned core and six bulk cores were collected to measure 137Cs levels, 210Pbex levels, and the particle-size composition of soil samples. Three undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure capillary and aeration porosities. The 137Cs inventories for the two study fields are very similar. The 137Cs is a man-made ra- dionuclide, which means that its measured levels for soils are unaffected by soil texture. In contrast, levels of the naturally occurring 210Pbex of soils from Field A were lower than those of Field B by about 50%. In contrast to aquatic sediments, levels of 210Pbex in terrestrial surface soils are affected by the emanation of 222Rn from the soils. It can be assumed that the coarser the soils, the greater the emanation of 222Rn; in addition, the lower the measured 210pbex, the greater the underestimate of this value. The cultivated brown soils in Field A are coarser than the culti- vated cinnamon soils in Field B. As a result, 222Rn in Field A will diffuse more easily into the atmosphere than that in Field B. As a consequence, the measured 210pbex in soils from Field A is much lower than the actual value, whereas the value measured for Field B is much closer to the actual value.