人类活动和降水变化对嘉陵江流域侵蚀产沙的影响

基于大量实测资料,用经验统计方法研究了人类活动和降水变化对嘉陵江流域侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明,水利水保措施和20世纪80年代以来的降水减少,共同导致了嘉陵江流域产沙量的减少。分基准期(1956~1982)和措施期(1983~2000)分别建立嘉陵江江流域产沙量与年降水的指数方程,运用这些方程对于降水变化与水利水保导致的产沙量变化进行定量区分,得到了措施期中降水量减小所导致的减沙量、水利水保措施导致的减沙量、总减沙量以及降水减少和水利水保措施各自占总减沙量的百分比。水保减沙效益随降水量的增大而减小。当降水量超过某一临界值,还可能出现负效应。研究表明,水利水保减沙量随年降水量而增大,在年降水量为970mm时达到最大值,然后减小;当年降水量为1180mm时,水利水保减沙量变为0。     

测点平面位移图及其应用

针对目前谷坡变形监测数据整理结果的某些弊病,设计一种简洁,直观,信息量丰富的变形位移轨迹图、较好地将变形时段,变形量,变形方向有机地结合起来,图形方法适合任何谷坡的地面或地下钻孔观测点变形观测数据的整理。     

Adjustments in channel morphology due to land‐use changes and check dam installation in mountain torrents of Calabria (southern Italy)

In Mediterranean semi‐arid conditions, the availability of studies monitoring channel adjustments as a response to reforestation and check dams over representative observation periods, could help develop new management strategies. This investigation is an integrated approach assessing the adjustments of channel morphology in a typical torrent of southern Italy after land‐use changes and check dam construction across a period of about 60 years. A statistical analysis of historical rainfall records, an analysis of land‐use changes in the catchment area and a geomorphological mapping of channel adjustments were carried out and combined with field surveys of bed surface grain‐size over a 5‐km reach including 14 check dams. The analysis of the historical rainfall records showed a slight decrease in the amount and erosivity of precipitation. Mapping of land‐use changes highlighted a general increase of vegetal coverage on the slopes adjacent to the monitored reaches. Together with the check dam network installation, this increase could have induced a reduction in water and sediment supply. The different erosional and depositional forms and adjustments showed a general narrowing between consecutive check dams together with local modifications detected upstream (bed aggradation and cross‐section expansion together with low‐flow realignments) and downstream (local incision) of the installed check dams. Changes in the torrent bends were also detected as a response to erosional and depositional processes with different intensities. The study highlighted: the efficiency of check dams against the disrupting power of intense floods by stabilizing the active channel and the influence of reforestation in increasing hillslope protection from erosion and disconnectivity of water and sediment flows towards the active channel. Only slight management interventions (for instance, the conversion of the existing check dams into open structures) are suggested, in order to mobilize the residual sediment avoiding further generalized incision of the active channel and coast line erosion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈计算机机房布线与防雷

文章主要讲述机房在设计和施工中需要考虑与布线的关系以及应当注意的一些事项,是作者在工程实践防雷中对机房布线和防雷工作的一些认识,仅供参考。     

International standard (ISO) on seismic actions for designing geotechnical works–An overview

The seismic performance of geotechnical works is significantly affected by ground displacement. In particular, soil–structure interaction and effects of liquefaction play major roles and pose difficult problems for engineers. An International Standard, ISO23469, is being developed for addressing these issues in a systematic manner within a consistent framework. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of this International Standard.In this International Standard, the seismic actions are determined through two stages. The first stage determines basic seismic action variables, including the earthquake ground motion at the site, the potential for earthquake-associated phenomena such as liquefaction and induced lateral ground displacement. These basic variables are used, in the second stage, for specifying the seismic actions for designing geotechnical works. In the second stage, the soil–structure interaction plays a major role. Types of analyses are classified based on a combination of static/dynamic analyses and the procedure for soil–structure interaction classified as follows:

– simplified: soil–structure interaction of a global system is modeled as an action on a substructure;

– detailed: soil–structure interaction of a global system is modeled as a coupled system.

21世纪面临的水资源问题及解决办法

本文指出了我国水资源存在的严重问题,提出把搞好水利建设作为我国的基本国策,并为解决我国的水利问题提出解决办法:要运用科学的系统工程作好总体规划,逐步在我国建成水利网络,做到合理利用并防止水源污染,使每一寸土地都能得到水的滋润。      

高原高寒多年冻土区的桥梁施工技术

针对青藏高原高寒、缺氧等特点,以及青藏铁路多年冻土的特殊性与复杂性,通过实践与理论讨论,详细地制订出了在高原高寒多年冻土区桥梁工程施工中的技术措施和施工工艺.在青藏高原的多年冻土区,由于桥梁及工程建筑物的修建,将改变原有的温度场、应力场、以及冻土层的水热交换.因此,选择合理的施工季节、施工方法和采取必要的施工措施,是减少施工对多年冻土热扰动的必要措施.     

防雷工程施工监督应该注意的一些问题

主要介绍了建筑物防雷装置中的接地装置、等电位连接、引下线、避雷网等施工监督应该注意的几个问题.     

Two-dimensional modeling of channel evolution under the influence of large-scale river regulation works

In the middle and lower reaches of alluvial rivers, various kinds of river regulation projects affecting natural channel evolution often are distributed due to the requirements of flood control, navigation,and channel stability. However, the influence of large-scale river regulation works on fluvial processes is not fully known. Therefore, a two-dimensional(2D) morphodynamic model has been improved to address this problem. The new detailed procedure is presented in this paper:(i) First, each nod...     

Cities and Water Pollution: An Historical and Geographic Perspective

Cities have been a prominent source of water pollution over the years. Historians have argued an instrumental conception of water-use that developed in New-England-sanctioned environmental abuses in the interest of economic development. This interpretation assumes both a geographic and temporal consistency in policy responses to water-quality degradation. Several historical assessments of state laws, a review of court cases responding to complaints to pollution, and conference proceedings of federal intervention in interstate pollution disputes provide a means to re-examine the instrumental interpretation. Both early nuisance law suits and early federal enforcement bypassed the country's urban-industrial core. Yet outside the region with the greatest concentration of urban population and industrial discharges, the instrumental perspective was less pronounced exposing geographic and temporal variation in the development of both state and federal pollution policy.