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61.
The relatively high cost of commercially available raindrop spectrometers and disdrometers has inhibited detailed and intensive research on drop size distribution, kinetic energy and momentum of rainfall which are important for understanding and modelling soil erosion caused by raindrop detachment. In this study, an approach to find the drop size distribution, momentum and kinetic energy of rainfall using a relatively inexpensive device that uses a piezoelectric force transducer for sensing raindrop impact response is introduced. The instrument continuously and automatically records, on a time‐scale, the amplitude of electrical pulses produced by the impact of raindrops on the surface of the transducer. The size distribution of the raindrops and their respective kinetic energy are calculated by analysing the number and amplitude of pulses recorded, and from the measured volume of total rainfall using a calibration curve. Simultaneous measurements of the instrument, a rain gauge and a dye‐stain method were used to assess the performance of the instrument. Test results from natural and simulated rainfalls are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
62.
对于接地源时间域瞬变电磁法,当选取适当的激励波形后,可将辐射场与自有场分离开来, 实现频率域电磁法无法实现的近源深部勘探;水平分层大地的解析分析表明,随着偏移距的缩短,接地导线源的场对地层的反映变得更为灵敏;时间域瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时长决定.基于接地源近场测深的优越性,作者提出短偏移瞬变电磁探测技术并首次命名为SOTEM, 采用了1000 m的偏移距对埋深为1400 m的某盐矿溶腔进行探测, 在全期视电阻率-深度剖面上圈定的溶腔分布被钻孔所揭露, 验证了SOTEM方法的探测能力.该方法为大深度、高分辨探测地下矿产资源提供了新的技术手段. 相似文献
63.
在隧道开挖、矿山开采等基础工程建设中,岩石爆破技术发挥着重要作用。等离子体碎岩技术具有无污染,破碎过程中无飞石、无有害气体的产生,使用方便,作业效率高,是替代炸药碎岩的最有效可行的方法。本文研究了水中丝爆产生等离子体破碎岩石的机理,分析了高电压脉冲放电过程中的铜丝融化过程,建立了铜丝在各阶段变化的电阻模型,利用MATLAB对不同阶段放电电路的电流进行了数值仿真分析,并与实验得到的电流波形进行对比。研究发现,电流波形,上升沿时间越短,脉冲放电效果越好。铜丝变化产生等离子体的过程中,等离子体通道具有一定的电阻性。实验数据结果与模型数值计算结果基本相符。 相似文献
64.
The size effect of copper wire radius (0.04–0.82 mm) on the diffusion-limited current density of an oxygen reduction reaction in stagnant simulated seawater (naturally aerated 0.5 mol/L NaCl) is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the results obtained in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. In the oxygen diffusion-limited range, size effect is found to occur independent of electrolytes, which is attributed to non-linear diffusion. Additionally, to sati... 相似文献
65.
提出一种基于局部判别正切空间排列(local discriminative tangent space alignment,LDTSA)的高光谱影像降维方法。LDTSA源于局部正切空间排列(LTSA)中的排列机制,在一个局域块内利用线性局部正切平面对类内样本的流形结构建模,同时还考虑到类间判别信息以最大化判别边界。利用多幅高光谱数据进行降维和分类试验。结果表明,LDTSA主要有三个优点:①在小样本问题上性能稳定;②在降维过程中保持类别间的判别信息;③有效挖掘数据集的几何流形结构。 相似文献
66.
Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):497-514
The breeding and settlement seasons of the intertidal barnacles Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna and Elminius plicatus were determined, and experiments using cages on the shore to examine barnacle survival and growth rate at four levels were carried out at Leigh during 1964–66. Chamaesipho brunnea bred in spring and summer; C. columna and E. plicatus bred throughout the year, but settled intermittently. When protected from predators and from overgrowth by algae, all three species survived at levels lower than normal. At higher levels C. columna, E. modestus, Balanus trigonus and Tetraclita purpuraseens survived for significant periods (C. brunnea occurs naturally higher on the shore than the highest experimental level). 相似文献
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Hydrodynamical Modeling Of Oceanic Vortices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xavier Carton 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(3):179-263
Mesoscale coherent vortices are numerous in the ocean.Though they possess various structures in temperature and salinity,they are all long-lived, fairly intense and mostly circular. Thephysical variable which best describes the rotation and the density anomaly associated with coherent vortices is potential vorticity. It is diagnostically related to velocity and pressure, when the vortex is stationary. Stationary vortices can be monopolar (circular or elliptical) or multipolar; their stability analysis shows thattransitions between the various stationary shapes are possible when they become unstable. But stable vortices can also undergo unsteady evolutions when perturbed by environmental effects, likelarge-scale shear or strain fields, -effect or topography. Changes in vortex shapes can also result from vortex interactions. such as the pairing, merger or vertical alignment of two vortices, which depend on their relative polarities and depths. Such interactions transfer energy and enstrophy between scales, and are essential in two-dimensional and in geostrophic turbulence. Finally, in relation with the observations, we describe a few mechanisms of vortex generation. 相似文献
70.
为研究双绞合六边形钢丝网加筋土挡墙的受力、变形特性,对潭衡(湘潭-衡阳)西线高速公路K124+340断面组合式面板双绞合六边形钢丝网加筋土挡墙进行了现场试验,测试了竖向土压力、水平土压力、筋材拉应变分布规律和格宾箱变形规律。结果表明:在筋材长度方向上,竖向土压力在挡墙下部呈双峰型分布,而在上部呈单峰形分布;墙背水平土压力沿墙高呈非线性分布,最大值发生在墙高约1.5 m处,实测水平土压力小于主动压力;筋材应变在筋长方向上呈非线性分布,各层筋材的应变分布模式不相同;筋材的变形主要发生在施工期,格宾箱的变形呈鼓胀式 相似文献