农牧交错带湿地信息提取技术研究——以多伦县大仓乡为例

农牧交错地带地类复杂,混合像元现象严重,湿地信息的自动提取难度较大.针对该区湿地遥感信息提取的特点和难点,选取多伦县大仓乡地区的TM遥感数据,先采用NDVI阈值提取出水体,并利用水体形状特征(如面积s、周长p、形状指数k等)对水体类型进行提取;再尝试应用线性光谱混合模型( LSMM)提取去除水体后的湿地信息,并以SPO...     

基于回声探测监测沉水植物盖度的插值方法研究:以杭州西湖沉水植物盖度监测为例

沉水植物作为水生态系统的重要组成成分,在水生态系统物质循环和能量流动中发挥着重要作用,其覆盖度和生物量是评价湖泊等浅水水体系统稳定性的关键参数随着高效和无损伤监测的回声探测仪在沉水植物盖度监测中的应用,其精确度算法也受到了越来越多的关注本研究以成功恢复沉水植物的浅水湖泊杭州西湖为研究对象,利用BioSonics便携型回声探测仪——MX采集沉水植物回声样本同时结合人工样方设置,采集与回声探测对应位点的沉水植物样本,验证回声探测结果的精确性通过建立回归模型分析回声探测得到的沉水植物体积百分比(PVI)与人工样方获得的对应平均鲜重关系,结果表明二者具有较好的相关性分别采用普通克里金法、反距离权重法、径向基函数法3种插值方法对同一季节的不同湖泊和同一湖泊的不同季节未采集区域沉水植物的盖度数据进行插值分析,并对插值结果进行交叉验证,以确定方法的精确度交叉验证结果表明,插值精确度反距离权重法径向基函数法普通克里金法研究结果为回声探测与插值分析方法结合在大尺度浅水水体中沉水植物监测应用提供了技术支撑.     

北京城市空间形态对热岛分布影响研究

在城市尺度上探究城市空间形态布局对城市热岛(UHI)影响研究,对于城市规划中通风环境改善、生态宜居城市建设具有重要意义.以北京为例,利用2009-2018年高密度自动气象站逐小时气温资料和2018年NPP/VIIRS夜光卫星资料,分析了UHI时空分布特征;利用2017年1∶2000基础地理信息和Landsat8卫星资料...     

An equilibrium cloud-resolving modeling study of diurnal variation of tropical rainfall

The diurnal variation of tropical rainfall is examined through the analysis of an equilibrium cloud-resolving model experiment. Model domain mean rain rate is defined as a product of rain intensity and fractional rainfall coverage. The diurnal variation of the mean rain rate is associated with that of fractional rainfall coverage because the diurnal variation of rain intensity is significantly weakened through the decrease in rainfall in early morning hours. The decrease in rainfall corresponds to the reduction in secondary circulations through the barotropic conversion from the perturbation kinetic energy to the mean kinetic energy under the imposed negative vertical gradient of westerly winds. The fractional rainfall coverage shows the diurnal signal with the maximum in the early morning hours primarily due to nocturnal infrared radiative cooling.     

低轨卫星通信系统星座设计与性能仿真

低轨卫星通信系统在通信领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。针对不同类型星座覆盖能力和星际链路建立条件存在的差异,设计了极轨道和倾斜圆轨道低轨卫星星座,利用STK验证了两种星座的覆盖能力和星际链路AER特性,利用NS2对两种星座卫星网络的时延、吞吐量和丢包率等性能指标进行了仿真,并对所得数据进行了对比分析,结果表明：在由32颗卫星（轨道高度1450 km ）构成的低轨星座中,极轨星座的全球覆盖能力、星际链路建立条件和卫星网络性能优于倾斜圆轨道星座,更适合于构建全球低轨卫星通信系统。     

Investigation of Uncertainties of Establishment Schemes in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models简

In Dynamic Global Vegetation Models （DGVMs）, the establishment of woody vegetation refers to flowering, fertiliza- tion, seed production, germination, and the growth of tree seedlings. It determines not only the population densities but also other important ecosystem structural variables. In current DGVMs, establishments of woody plant functional types （PFTs） are assumed to be either the same in the same grid cell, or largely stochastic. We investigated the uncertainties in the competition of establishment among coexisting woody PFTs from three aspects： the dependence of PFT establishments on vegetation states; background establishment; and relative establishment potentials of different PFTs. Sensitivity experi- ments showed that the dependence of establishment rate on the fractional coverage of a PFT favored the dominant PFT by increasing its share in establishment. While a small background establishment rate had little impact on equilibrium states of the ecosystem, it did change the timescale required for the establishment of alien species in pre-existing forest due to their disadvantage in seed competition during the early stage of invasion. Meanwhile, establishment purely fiom background （the scheme commonly used in current DGVMs） led to inconsistent behavior in response to the change in PFT specification （e.g., number of PFTs and their specification）. Furthermore, the results also indicated that trade-off between irtdividual growth and reproduction/colonization has significant influences on the competition of establishment. Hence, further development of es- tablishment parameterization in DGVMs is essential in reducing the uncertainties in simulations of both ecosystem structures and successions.     

浅析地理国情普查内容分类体系

为确保第一次全国地理国情普查的顺利进行,需要对普查内容分类体系有一致、深入的理解与认识。本文先后分析了地理国情普查内容分类的原则和采用的三级分类与编码体系,讨论了不同门类普查数据的表示方法,提出了基于决策树思想的一级类可靠判译方法,最后通过比较分析,指出了该分类体系与其他已有体系的异同,可为深入理解地理国情普查内容提供有益参考。     

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Array Configurations That Tile the Plane

Future radiotelescopes need ever increasing sensitivity. With the limits of receiver sensitivity being reached this can only be achieved by increasing collecting area. The increase in antenna numbers and the multi-resolution capabilities of these telescopes, such as the SKA, means a significant departure from existing designs is needed. In this article, some fundamental designs for antenna arrays that uniformly sample the UV plane are presented. The SKA is used to provide target specifications. The designs presented allow asymmetric configurations providing more freedom for site selection. They also allow a direct tradeoff between field of view and correlator complexity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characteristics and variation law of wind-blown sand delivered to the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River under a changing environment

Wind-blown sand is one of the key factors affecting the evolution of sediment transport,erosion,and deposition in rivers crossing desert areas.However,the differences and complex variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of the underlying surface conditions are seldom considered in research on the river inflow of wind-blown sand over a long time period.The Yellow River contains a large amount of sediment.The Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River was selected as the research ...