若尔盖高原湿地生态恢复过程中土壤有机质的变化研究

采用野外调查和室内分析结合的方法研究了若尔盖高原湿地生态恢复过程中土壤有机质的数量、分布及质量变化，以探讨生态恢复过程对湿地土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，在若尔盖高原湿地生态恢复过程中，土壤类型发生相应的生态演替，其恢复演替序列为风沙土→草甸土→沼泽土→泥炭土。随着湿地生态系统的逐步恢复，土壤有机质的含量大幅度提高，土壤有机碳的氧化稳定性趋于增强，土壤腐殖质组成中胡敏酸的含量逐步提高，胡敏酸的E4值增大，E4／E6值减小，土壤腐殖质的品质改善。土壤有机质的数量、分布及质量变化均表现出与湿地生态条件和环境变化的高度一致性，湿地生态恢复有利于湿地土壤肥力水平的提高。     

中国湿地研究进展与展望

Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world, possessing important functions such as hydrologic regulation, degrading pollutants, adjusting climate, preventing erosion, maintaining geochemical cycle and providing habitats for important species, etc. (Chen, 2001; Mitsch; 2000; Chen, 2003), and has enjoyed the reputation of "earth's kidney" and "biology supermarket".1ThecharacteristicsanddistributionofwetlandsinChinaChina has a wetland area of 65.94 million ha (not including riv…     

洪河自然保护区湿地主要植被类型物种多样性与表层土壤性质的相关性研究

对洪河湿地主要植被类型物种多样性特征、土壤性质特征及二者之间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:按沼泽—沼泽化草甸—湿草甸—灌丛草甸—岛状林的序列,物种丰富度呈逐渐增加的变化格局,物种多样性、均匀度呈先下降后上升的格局,优势度呈先上升后下降的格局;而土壤性质特征则呈不规则变化格局。植物物种多样性与土壤性质之间只有均匀度与速效氮之间存在着极显著正相关,其他均无显著相关。这说明在洪河湿地,土壤性质不是决定上述序列的植被类型的物种多样性的主要因素,而土壤速效氮含量是影响物种均匀度的关键因素,同时,对其他物种多样性特征也有一定影响。     

基于RS与GIS技术的南中国海湿地保护区选址研究

作者选取植被指数和温度作为湿地保护区划定的基本依据,采用感测范围广、获取信息方便的NOAA／AVHRR影像作为主要数据源,反演南中国海区域的归一化植被指数NDVI、海面温度和陆地表面温度。对反演结果进行分析,确定湿地保护区的NDVI阈值和温度阈值,再对各个参数的阈值进行空间分析,最终确定南中国海湿地保护区地址和范围。最后把确定的保护区域与联合国环境署／全球环境基金确定的湿地示范区作对比研究,发现根据NDVI与温度确定的湿地保护区包括了6个重要湿地示范区中的5个。     

北京汉石桥湿地恢复区土壤种子库初探

采用种子萌发法对北京汉石桥湿地恢复区土壤垂直分布的种子库储量进行了研究,将土壤分为3个层次,距地表分别为0~5 cm,5~10 cm,10~15 cm。结果表明:共萌发10种植物,其中3种植物由于在幼苗期死亡,处于待鉴定状态。其他7种植物分别是打碗花-旋花科、水稗-禾本科、毛马唐-禾本科、毛茛-毛茛科、苘麻-锦葵科、小藜-藜科、委陵菜-蔷薇科。0~5 cm土壤层萌发出10种植物,从鉴定出的植物可以看出,5~10 cm土壤层中,出现了4种植物,水稗占的比例较大;10~15 cm土壤层中,仅出现了1种植物,即禾本科的水稗。汉石桥湿地恢复区的物种数量较多,禾本科占据主要地位。湿地恢复区的种子库在维持地表植被植物多样性中发挥着一定的作用。     

上海九段沙湿地大型底栖动物群落调查及管护策略

2014年2月至2015年11月,对九段沙湿地的潮间带进行了大型底栖动物取样调查。设置了江亚南沙、上沙和下沙3个采样断面,分离、鉴定出底栖动物28种,隶属于4门7纲。优势物种有短腿水叶甲、河蚬、谭氏泥蟹、中国绿螂和缢蛏等。大型底栖动物平均密度和生物量分别为94.96 ind/m2和26.74g/m2。分析了九段沙湿地的大型底栖动物资源现状,并提出了改善措施及建议。     

Spatial variation of wetlands and flux of dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams

In order to investigate the relation between water chemistry and functional landscape elements, spatial data sets of characteristics for 68 small (0·2–1·5 km²) boreal forest catchments in western central Sweden were analysed in a geographical information system (GIS). The geographic data used were extracted from official topographic maps. Water sampled four times at different flow situations was analysed chemically. This paper focuses on one phenomenon that has an important influence on headwater quality in boreal, coniferous forest streams: generation and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It is known that wetland cover (bogs and fens) in the catchment is a major source of DOC. In this study, a comparison was made between a large number of headwater catchments with varying spatial locations and areas of wetlands. How this variation, together with a number of other spatial variables, influences the DOC flux in the streamwater was analysed by statistical methods. There were significant, but not strong, correlations between the total percentages of wetland area and DOC flux measured at a medium flow situation, but not at high flow. Neither were there any significant correlations between the percentage of wetland area connected to streams, nor the percentage of wetland area within a zone 50 m from the stream and the DOC flux. There were, however, correlations between catchment mean slope and the DOC flux in all but one flow situations. This study showed that, considering geographical data retrieved from official sources, the topography of a catchment better explains the variation in DOC flux than the percentage and locations of distinct wetland areas. This emphasizes the need for high‐resolution elevation models accurate enough to reveal the sources of DOC found in headwater streams. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

晚更新世以来西藏古人类迁移与气候变化关系

根据西藏地区50 KaBP以来18处古人类遗址的发掘资料,整理西藏旧石器中期以来石陶文化的特征,提出了一个“晚更新世以来西藏古人类三次迁移”假说,即五万年以来西藏古文化发生过三次迁移与融合：第一次,50KaBP~10KaBP,居住在藏南定日苏热一带的旧石器古人类向藏北迁移与扩展,形成了藏北旧石器与中石器文化区;第二次,6 KaBP~3.6 KaBP,居住在藏北申扎、双湖一带的中石器古人类沿唐古拉山南麓向东迁移,形成了新石器早期著名的昌都卡若文化,而生活于普兰霍尔的中石器古人类则沿雅鲁藏布江流域向东迁移,形成了林芝文化;第三次,3 KaBP~2.2 KaBP,居住于昌都和林芝的古人类向拉萨和山南一带迁移,促进了藏南新石器晚期文化的繁荣和以雅隆为主的藏文明的兴起,气候变化是这三次文化变迁的主因。     

Studies on culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

Arctic sea ice in the polar region provides a cold habitat for microbial community. Arctic sea ice microorganisms are revealed to be of considerable importance in basic research and potential in biotechnological application. This paper investigated the culture condition and extraceIlular hydrolase of 14 strains of different Arctic sea ice bacteria. The results showed that optimal growth temperature of strains is 15 ℃ or 20 ℃. The optimal pH is about 8.0. They hardly grow at acid condition. 3 % NaCl is necessary for better growth. These strains have different abilities in producing amylase, protease, eellulase and lipase. Pseudoalteronomas sp. Bsi429 and Pseudoalteronomas sp. Bsi539 produced both cellulose, protease and lipase. These results provide a basis for further developing and exploiting the cold adapted marine enzyme resources.     

Alpine wetlands in the Lhasa River Basin, China

The Lhasa River Basin is one of the typical distribution regions of alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau. It is very important to get a better understanding of the background and characteristics of alpine wetland for monitoring, protection and utilization. Wetland construction and distribution in the basin were analyzed based on multi-source data including field investigation data, CBERS remote sensing data and other thematic data provided by 3S technology. The results are (1) the total area of wetlands is 209,322.26 hm2, accounting for 6.37% of the total land area of the basin. The wetlands are mainly dominated by natural wetland, with artificial wetland occupying only 1.09% of the wetland area; marsh wetland is the principal part of natural wetland, dominated by Kobresia littledalei swampy meadow which is distributed in the river source area and upstream of Chali, Damshung and Medro Gongkar counties. The ratio and type of wetlands in different counties differ significantly, which are widely distributed in Chali and Damshung counties (accounting for 62% of the total wetland area). (2) The concentrated vertical distribution of wetlands is at an elevation of 3600–5100 m. The wetlands are widely distributed throughout the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley from river source to river mouth into the Yarlung Zangbo River. Marsh wetland is dominant in the source area and upstream of the river, with the mosaic distribution of lakes, Kobresia littledalei and Carex moorcroftii swampy meadow, shrubby swamp and river; as for the middle-down streams, the primary types are river wetland and flooded wetland. The distribution is in a mosaic pattern of river, Kobresia humilis and Carex moorcroftii swampy meadow, Phragmites australis and subordinate grass marsh, flooded wetland and artificial wetland.