Establishing absorbed energy spectra—an attenuation approach

For energy‐based seismic design, energy demand in the form of absorbed energy spectra was established by an attenuation relationship. The absorbed energy is proposed for evaluating the energy demand in an inelastic system because the absorbed energy is directly related to the pseudo‐velocity in the elastic case. Based on a total of 273 ground motion records from 15 significant earthquakes in California, an attenuation relationship of the absorbed energy was established from a two‐stage non‐linear regression analysis. This relationship was established for a given earthquake magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, site class, and ductility factor. A similar expression for the normalized absorbed energy was also developed. This study showed that the absorbed energy for near‐field ground motions can be significantly larger than that predicted by the attenuation relationship for normal ground motions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

本溪市区剪切波速分布的初步研究

本文利用检层法、表面波法实测的波速资料。通过对实测数据的处理和回归分析,求出了本溪市区不同岩土波速与埋深的回归关系。同时收集了市区已有的钻孔资料,经分析计算,给出了本溪市区平均剪切波速的分布。     

Study on comparison between absolute and relative input energy spectra and effects of ductility factor

Introduction Estimation of an attenuation relationship for strong ground motion parameters has been an interesting research subject in the field of engineering seismology and has played a very important role in seismic safety evaluation, seismic zoning, seismic hazard evaluation of major constructions, etc. At present, the generally used parameters include peak acceleration, peak velocity and elastic response spectrum. Such parameters mentioned above are essentially independent of the duration…     

北京市住宅用地开发压力与城市扩张预景——基于阻力面的分析

基于城市经济学的一般理论,从市场机制下的供给方视角出发,提出了预测大都市区住房建设区位选择的一个新模型,并利用2005～2009年北京市新增住宅项目的抽样空间数据进行了实证研究,进而应用阻力面模型模拟了北京市未来住宅建设用地开发压力和城市扩张的空间格局。研究表明:北京市的新增住房用地区位选择总体上符合单中心同心圆的基本模型,但正在逐渐向等级制特征下的多中心格局演化,北部、西北部区县的中心城区以及南部新城、新开发区周边更有可能成为潜在的下一轮住宅建设核心区,从而成为城市扩张的重点区域。     

Assessing Natural and Cultural Determinants of Urban Forest Quality in Nanjing (China)

This study assessed underlying natural and cultural determinants of tree health and ways to improve urban forest performance in compact Nanjing city. Two groups of factors were investigated: (1) habitat conditions, including planting site, ground-cover, land cover, and district; and (2) tree traits, including species provenance and seasonality, and tree dimensions. A stratified sampling strategy selected 6351 trees for detailed assessment. The data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions. Institutional, park-garden and industrial trees with more open-space sites with vegetated ground-cover performed better than roadside and residential ones. Poor trees in confined residential sites deviated from those in other cities. Park-garden sites did not always nurture meritorious, large and diversified trees. District differentiation in tree performance was related to land cover. Exotic and evergreen species grew better than indigenous and deciduous, offering hints on species-habitat matching. Detailed field and statistical analyses could yield tree-environment information to enhance urban forestry research and management.     

An expanded surface-water palaeotemperature inference model for use with fossil midges from eastern Canada

Using an expanded surface sample data set, representing lakes distributed across a transect from southernmost Canada to the Canadian High Arctic, a revised midge-palaeotemperature inference model was developed for eastern Canada. Modelling trials with weighted averaging (with classical and inverse deshrinking; with and without tolerance downweighting) and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression, with and without square-root transformation of the species data, were used to identify the best model. Comparison of measured and predicted temperatures revealed that a 2 component WA-PLS model for square-root transformed percentage species data provided the model with the highest explained variance (r =0.88) and the lowest error estimate (RMSEP _jack =2.26 °C). Comparison of temperature inferences based on the new and old models indicates that the original model may have seriously under-estimated the magnitude of late-glacial temperature oscillations in Atlantic Canada. The new inferences suggest that summer surface water temperatures in Splan Pond, New Brunswick were approximately 10 to 12 °C immediately following deglaciation and during the Younger Dryas. During the Allerod and early Holocene, surface water temperatures of 20 to 24 °C were attained. The new model thus provides the basis for more accurate palaeotemperature reconstructions throughout easternmost Canada.     

云南干季月蒸发量与常规气象要素的关系

基于112个站点干旱期4月39年蒸发皿蒸发量和常规地面气象观测8要素数据,应用EOF和典型相关分析,深入论证各常规气象要素与气候蒸发量的相关性,分析并比较各要素对蒸发量场总方差的解释能力;同时应用线性回归分析作为验证,并探寻多气象要素对蒸发量模拟的最优要素组合。结果显示,从单要素影响角度分析,常规地面气象观测要素与蒸发量相关性的排列次序为：平均相对湿度＞平均气温＞平均地面温度＞日照时数＞平均风速＞平均水汽压＞气压＞降水量,这与蒸发的热力学和动力学理论解释相一致。回归分析验证了典型相关的主要结果;单个常规气象要素中平均相对湿度对气候蒸发量的模拟效果最好;基于平均相对湿度、平均气温、风速、日照时数和平均水汽压资料的前3个要素组合和全部5要素组合,分别是简便普通精度和高精度需求下常规气象要素推算模拟气候蒸发量的最优要素组合。本文加深了对气候蒸发量的相关认识,并对其模拟推算和空间分布量化有重要指导意义。     

苏州市区信息通讯企业空间集聚与新企业选址

高科技产业是全球化背景下城市发展与区域竞争的关键,但是高科技产业发展空间极不平衡,空间要素显著影响高科技企业区位选择及空间集聚。针对现有研究主要集中在国家、省等大尺度单元,本文引入空间点模式分析方法,探讨了1996-2006年间苏州市区不同空间尺度上信息通讯企业的时空集聚特征。研究发现:在0~6km的尺度上,信息通讯企业表现出明显的集聚特征,并随着尺度的增加呈现出倒"U"型集聚趋势;随着时间的推移,企业空间集聚的"热点地区"逐渐从老城区向外围推移,但是集聚峰区依然主要分布在老城区及其外围的国家和省级开发区;同时,新企业的选址与原有企业的分布特征表现出很强的相关性。运用计数模型的计量结果也表明企业集聚特征对新企业区位选择具有显著影响,同时起作用的还有地方政府政策影响下的开发区建设、城市内外交通条件、自然环境条件等因素。     

大型公园绿地对住宅价格的时空影响效应——以上海市黄兴公园绿地为例

随着居民生活质量的提高和环保意识的增强,居民对环境舒适的支付意愿不断提高。居住环境的价值评估研究受到关注,但对其作用时间和空间影响程度差异的量化研究明显不足。本文以上海市黄兴公园绿地为例,综合运用市场比较法、特征定价法和多元回归分析等方法,并引入加权距离,从时间和空间两个层面分析黄兴公园绿地对周边住宅价格的影响效应,结果表明:黄兴公园绿地所带来的住宅价格增值效应既具有时间上的差异性,又与加权距离存在着显著的二次函数关系,随着距离增加其增值幅度呈下降趋势;其影响效应与加权距离存在着显著的三次函数关系,最大影响半径为1.59km,最强影响区位为0.29km。     

1986―2008年广东沿海海平面变化趋势

根据1993-2008年TOPEX和Jason-1观测的南海海面高度资料和1986-2008年广东省沿海验潮站潮位资料,分析南海绝对海平面及广东沿海相对海平面变化趋势,结果显示:近16年南海(绝对)海平面平均上升率为4.5 mm/a,近23年广东沿海相对海平面上升率为2～3 mm/a,较南海绝对海平面上升率低1～2 mm/a:月平均海平面及年平均海平面变化均存在极强的同步性,在年平均海平面变化中,验潮站的最高值一致出现于2001年.预估未来30年南海海平面比常年升高9～17 cm.海平面上升将加剧珠江口感潮河段的咸潮灾害.