Hybrid Estimation of Semivariogram Parameters

Two widely used methods of semivariogram estimation are weighted least squares estimation and maximum likelihood estimation. The former have certain computational advantages, whereas the latter are more statistically efficient. We introduce and study a “hybrid” semivariogram estimation procedure that combines weighted least squares estimation of the range parameter with maximum likelihood estimation of the sill (and nugget) assuming known range, in such a way that the sill-to-range ratio in an exponential semivariogram is estimated consistently under an infill asymptotic regime. We show empirically that such a procedure is nearly as efficient computationally, and more efficient statistically for some parameters, than weighted least squares estimation of all of the semivariogram’s parameters. Furthermore, we demonstrate that standard plug-in (or empirical) spatial predictors and prediction error variances, obtained by replacing the unknown semivariogram parameters with estimates in expressions for the ordinary kriging predictor and kriging variance, respectively, perform better when hybrid estimates are plugged in than when weighted least squares estimates are plugged in. In view of these results and the simplicity of computing the hybrid estimates from weighted least squares estimates, we suggest that software that currently estimates the semivariogram by weighted least squares methods be amended to include hybrid estimation as an option.     

带权约束参数平差在工程控制网优化中的应用

介绍用带权约束平差原理编制的工程控制网试验修正法设计和平差程序,并用于设计工程导线和平差变形观测控制网等实际工程的例子,据此提供一些结论和建议.     

一种基于GIS的矿产资源潜力评价的自动制图模型

在基于GIS技术的矿产资源评价工作中,矿产资源潜力评价的自动制图模型通常用来统计综合多源地学信息以便自动圈定成矿远景靶区。在本文中,笔者以人工智能研究领域中的一种不确定推理模型——确定性理论为基础,提出了一种新的矿产资源潜力评价的自动制图模型——合成有矿可信度模型。该模型可以根据研究区各种成矿有利和不利证据的空间分布图,统计生成对应于每一种证据的有矿可信度栅格图,然后,按照特定的有矿可信度合成规则,将所有的有矿可信度栅格图统计综合生成合成有矿可信度栅格图。以该图为依据,可以把研究区内合成有矿可信度相对较高的成矿远景区圈定出来。也可以生成研究区合成有矿可信度等值线图。应用该模型预测了新疆北部多拉纳萨依—阿舍勒地区的多金属成矿远景,并将预测结果与证据加权模型预测结果进行了比较,两种模型的预测结果基本相似,证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

模糊数学在水化学寻找可地浸铀矿中的应用

利用水化学找铀，有成本低、效率高、速度快等特点，在寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿也有明显的效果，但是在找铀过程中仅用水化学成份、氡含量、酸碱度和氧化还原电位等数值进行描述，说明它们与铀矿化的关系，这种单一因素不能综合反映与铀矿化的联系程度，以定量评价铀矿化与上述因素的关系，从而影响了水化学找矿的效果，通过模糊数学方法建立数学模型处理水化学数据，巳知可地浸砂岩型铀矿的特征值为参数进行定量评价未知区铀成矿的前景，使该方法成为今后铀矿预测中一种可靠有效的水文地质方法。     

Maximum likelihood environmental calibration and the compute program WACALIB a correction

A recently discovered error in the part of the computer program WACALIB that implements maximum likelihood (ML) calibration has been discovered and corrected. The new version of WACALIB has been re-run with all the data-sets from which results based on the earlier version of WACALIB had been published. The new results suggest that ML regression and calibration perform as well or even better than weighted averaging (WA), at least when judged by the apparent root mean squared error. Further work involving cross-validation is required to evaluate more fully the relative performance of WA and ML approaches.     

4颗卫星情况的几何优化法修正

在GPS定位与导航中,用户可以通过选择至少4颗可见卫星的观测,得到测站位置和站钟差信息,卫星相对于测站的几何关系直接影响到定位和导航的精度,考虑用4颗卫星进行定位,在当前有一定的现实意义,在KihaLra等人工作的基础上对四面体的性质进行了深入讨论,推导了4颗可见卫星构成四面体体积的计算公式,实例分析证明该计算公式更合理、更精确。     

Modelling peak accelerations from earthquakes

This paper deals with the prediction of peak horizontal accelerations with emphasis on seismic risk and insurance concerns. Non‐linear mixed effects models are used to analyse well‐known earthquake data and the consequences of mis‐specifying assumptions on the error term are quantified. A robust fit of the usual model, using recently developed robust weighted maximum likelihood estimators, is presented. Outlying data are automatically identified and subsequently investigated. A more appropriate model accounting for the extreme value nature of the responses, is also developed and implemented. The implication on acceleration predictions is demonstrated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

回归预测模型的稳健性讨论--以润扬大桥工程为例

经典的LS估计法(least squares estimation,LS estimation)是对每个观测数据都给予相同的权重,由此带来了对于异常值的处理不当,从而影响了回归模型的有效性,本文采用迭代加权最小二乘法来进行稳健估计(RobustEstimation),并基于MATLAB软件结合润扬大桥工程实例说明了此法的有效性。     

方向数据插值方法研究

方向数据是矢量数据的标量表示,通常标量数据的插值方法不适用于方向数据。本文根据方向数据的特征,把其分解成沿坐标轴的分量,通过对分量数据的插值形成表面,最后合成反算出方向数据,给出了一种对于方向数据的行之有效的插值方法;并用实验进行了验证,对其插值结果和精度进行了统计和分析,取得了较为理想的内插结果。