基于双曲距离协调度模型的地下水资源与经济承载协调关系

如何分析区域资源环境与社会经济之间的协调匹配程度,是促进区域经济可持续发展首先需要厘清的问题。基于资源环境承载协调理论,构建了基于双曲距离协调度的资源-经济系统的协调分析模型方法。根据该模型对全国依赖地下水资源且开发程度较高的514个县的地下水资源和经济数据进行了协调关系分析,评价了各县地下水资源禀赋与其承载的经济体之间的协调关系水平,结果显示2个系统之间的协调匹配程度及空间上具有较大差异性。东北和西北大部分地区处于地下水资源与经济协调的正向区间,区域经济发展仍具有一定潜力,华北及南方大部分地区处于负向协调区间,经济的发展超越了地下水资源的承载能力。     

一种利用TM影像自动提取细小水体的方法

提出一种利用TM影像自动提取山区细小水体的多波段谱间关系改进方法。该方法在典型谱间关系法的基础上,针对水体与阴影在蓝绿光波段亮度值降低速率差异较大的特征,基于差值运算,构建了新的多波段谱间关系水体提取模型。首先利用该模型将水体从其他地物及阴影中分离出来,然后基于数学形态学膨胀滤波算法进行空洞填充和短线连接,最后通过图像细化算法实现目标的细化。经过实验比较表明,该方法克服了许多水体提取模型只能有效提取较大面积水体的缺点,除了能够对山区的细小水体进行高精度自动提取外,还能够有效地去除阴影等干扰信息。     

南岭地区千里山岩体的空间形态及其与成矿的关系

千里山岩体是南岭地区与锡钨等矿产成矿关系密切的重要岩体,研究其空间特征与控矿作用,对于深部地质填图以及深部找矿预测具有重要意义。利用中比例尺重力资料,确定了千里山岩体的隐伏边界;通过对千里山岩体进行二维、三维模拟反演,揭示了千里山岩体与王仙岭岩体的连接关系和空间形态特征以及与围岩的接触关系。推断认为:千里山岩体与王仙岭岩体在深部相连,呈大岩基产出,并受到深大断裂控制;两岩体三维形态整体表现为气球膨胀式轮廓。结合地质资料,探讨了千里山岩体与成矿的关系,分析认为深部岩基和构造为矿床提供了成矿物质来源、热源及上升通道。     

基于图段连通体的线符号提取

研究了基于符号连通体特征差异的不精准推理方法,分析了基于行邻接图的点、线、面符号图段连通体的特征,并根据三种符号在几何特征、形状特征和拓扑关系上的差异,提出了七种易于表达的特征参数,基于特征参数实现了线符号的自动提取。     

Orientation effect on ground motion measurement for Mexican subduction earthquakes

The existence of the principal directions of the ground motion based on Arias intensity is well-known. These principal directions do not necessarily coincide with the orientations of recording sensors or with the orientations along which the ground motion parameters such as the peak ground acceleration and the pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) are maximum. This is evidenced by the fact that the maximum PSA at different natural vibration periods for horizontal excitations do not correspond to the same orientation. A recent analysis carried out for California earthquake records suggests that an orientation-dependent ground motion measurement for horizontal excitations can be developed. The main objective of this study is to investigate and provide seismic ground motion measurements in the horizontal plane, including bidirectional horizontal ground motions, for Mexican interplate and inslab earthquake records. Extensive statistical analyses of PSA are conducted for the assessment, The analysis results suggest that similar to the case of California records, the average behavior of the ratio of the PSA to the maximum resulting PSA can be approximated by a quarter of an ellipse in one quadrant; and that the ratio can be considered to be independent of the value of the maximum resulting PSA, earthquake magnitude, earthquake distance and the focal depth. Sets of response ratios and attenuation relationships that can be used to represent a bidirectional horizontal ground motion measurement for Mexican interplate and inslab earthquakes were also developed.     

Depth and region dependence of b-value for micro-aftershocks of the May 12th, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its tectonic implications

Micro-aftershocks with magnitude range of 1.5?4 around the Wenchuan earthquake epicenter, the southern part of the Longmenshan fault zone, exhibit good frequency-magnitude linear relationships, thus enabling b-value analysis. The average b-value for micro-aftershocks of M1.5?4 from July to December of 2008 in our local study region is about 0.88, similar to the b-value for all aftershocks of M3.0?5.5 from May, 2008 to May, 2009 along the whole Longmenshan fault zone. The similarity between the local and regional b-values possibly indicates that the southern part of the Longmenshan fault zone has similar seismogenic environment to the whole Longmenshan fault zone. Alternatively, it may also imply that b-values derived from all events without consideration of structural variation can not discriminate local-scale tectonic information. The present study shows that the b-value for the Wenchuan earthquake micro-aftershocks varies with different regions. The b-value in southwest of the Yingxiu town is higher than that in the northeast of the Yingxiu town. The high b-value in the southwest part where the Wenchuan earthquake main shock hypocenter located indicates that the current stress around the hypocenter region is much lower than its surrounding area. The b-values are also dependent on depth. At shallow depths of < 5 km, the b-values are very small (~0.4), possibly being related to strong wave attenuation or strong heterogeneity in shallow layers with high content of porosity and fractures. At depths of ~5?11 km, where most aftershocks concentrated, the b-values become as high as ~0.9?1.0. At the depth below ~11 km, the b-values decrease with the depth increasing, being consistent with increasing tectonic homogeneity and increasing stress with depth.

     

Beyond 'someone else's agenda': An example of indigenous/academic research collaboration

In recent years, Māori and wider indigenous geographies have flourished. These include works by scholars identifying specific Māori or indigenous issues but less attention has been paid to the way such research is conducted. This paper engages with these developments and presents the practices and lessons learnt from one particular research collaboration. Relationship building, multiple methods, flexibility, communication choices and wider support are all noted as key elements in establishing a supportive and fruitful collaboration.     

宁夏罗山油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)树轮宽度对气候因子的响应分析

 树轮样本采自宁夏罗山油松纯林的下限和上限。建立了下限和上限的树轮宽度标准化年表,分析了树轮宽度与降水、气温、湿润指数(P/T)的相关关系,结果显示,下限和上限树轮宽度指数都与当年3月、5月、春季以及年降水量显著正相关,与7月气温显著负相关;下限树轮宽度标准化年表与气候要素的相关系数一般大于上限的相关系数,而且下限树轮宽度与前一年9月、秋季降水以及夏季气温的相关也达到显著水平,表明下限树轮宽度标准化序列对降水和气温单一气候要素的变化较敏感;下限和上限的树轮宽度指数和湿润指数(P/T)呈正相关关系,而且上限树轮宽度和3—8月湿润指数的正相关达到99%的置信水平,说明罗山油松纯林上限树轮宽度标准化序列对水热组合的响应较敏感。     

改革开放以来济—青双核结构的空间关系演变

济—青双核结构是山东省典型的双核结构。明确改革开放以来济—青双核结构的空间关系演变,是整合济南、青岛功能的基础。改革开放的前十几年,济—青双核结构的空间关系以对抗性竞争为主。通过主成分分析,借助ArcGIS3．3软件,得出近年来在济南与青岛的竞争中,青岛的腹地范围西扩明显;从分形角度,度量出近年来济南与青岛引力不断增强,空间关系向合作性竞争转变。影响济—青双核结构空间关系演变的因素是政策因素,规模因素,资源特性因素,生产方式因素,网络载体因素。     

中国城市化进程中的生态环境保障程度

Studying the change of resources consumption and eco-environmental carrying capacity are of importance to the sustainable development of urbanization. Based on the China’s economic and social statistical data from 1950 to 2006, the ecological footprint, ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus, and eco-environment quality comprehensive index are calculated, the correlation between urbanization and eco-environmental change is analyzed and the eco-environmental guarantee for China’s urbanization in 2030 is forecasted. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) there is a positive linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint, negative linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus and the negative exponential relation between urbanization and eco-environment quality comprehensive index. (2) By 2030, the urbanization level will reach 61.32%, the ecological deficit will increase to 42.2866×10⁸ hm² and the eco-environment quality comprehensive index will drop to 0.3016 on the condition that the total quantity ecological footprint achieves 55.9348×10⁸ hm². (3) Under the existing urban development pattern, the ecological overload will be more serious in the next 24 years. Constructing the reasonable industrial structure and establishing the intensive resources utilization system to alleviate the eco-environmental pressure are the tough challenges in China’s urbanization process. Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; No.KZCX2-YW-321-05; Major Project of 11th Five-year Scientific and Technological Support Plan of China, No.2006BAJ05A06 Author: Fang Chuanglin(1966–), Ph.D. and Professor, specialized in regional and urban planning.