太子河流域水质模糊综合评价

采用模糊数学方法对太子河流域水质进行综合评价。沿程选取老官砬子、兴安、参窝坝下等8个干流断面和汤河桥、河洪桥、孟柳等6个支流断面,确定五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)、挥发酚(FN)等7个指标为评价因子,通过建立评价因子矩阵,计算各因子的权重及进行模糊综合运算,得出各监测断面的综合水质状况。水质模糊综合评价结果表明,太子河干流和支流各监测断面的综合水质较差,V类水质断面所占比例达85.7%。在各项评价指标中,BOD5和挥发酚所占权重较高,其次为COD和NH3-N等,这几项指标应该作为太子河流域十二.五污染减排和治理的重点。     

一种融合文本中地理位置和土地利用/覆被信息的野生动物活动细粒度定位方法

文本蕴含大量地理位置描述信息,有效融合地理关联信息以实现文本的精细定位是地理信息服务的难点。本文提出一种融合土地利用/覆被信息的描述地理位置的细粒度定位方法：在文本描述地理关联信息（地理位置实体、土地利用/覆被实体与空间关系）抽取、土地利用/覆被精细分类与地理位置粗粒度匹配定位的基础上,使用自然语言空间关系近似转换模型,确定地理位置的细粒度定位范围;基于土地利用/覆被实体及其周边精细分类信息,在该范围内检索匹配,确定地理位置的细粒度定位坐标。本文以野生亚洲象活动/肇事监测文本为例开展实验,并用匹配率与位置精度评价定位质量,结果表明：本文方法显著提升了地理位置的细粒度定位质量,实验精确匹配率（81.51%）、位置误差距离的均值（65.97 m）及其≤50 m的比例（70.50%）均优于国内主流在线地理编码与地名检索服务结合空间关系或其单独使用结果。该方法有助于完善地理位置定位方法体系、提升地理信息空间化质量,并可服务于野生动物活动/肇事监测预警等精细定位任务。     

河南信阳板栗生长的土壤地球化学评价

信阳板栗是河南省名特优农产品之一,但是有关信阳板栗生长环境的土壤地球化学方面研究较少,致使目前板栗的种植、规划等缺乏理论依据.本文对河南信阳板栗种植区土壤样品的地球化学元素进行测试分析,研究了土壤地球化学元素与板栗品质之间的相关关系.分析结果显示,板栗品质与土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、pH值、全氮、氨态氮、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰、有效硼呈正相关关系,并且与氨态氮、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰、有效硼的相关性很强,说明耕作土壤增加这些元素的含量有利于提高板栗品质,土壤pH值越接近5～6的最适宜范围,板栗品质越好;板栗品质与土壤容重、速效磷、速效钾呈负相关关系,认为在施用磷肥和钾肥增加速效磷、速效钾,提高板栗产量的同时,应注意板栗品质下降的问题.值得注意的是,研究区土壤中有效硼含量低于土壤临界值,是限制板栗品质的重要因素.本研究为提高信阳板栗品质、规划板栗园的种植、科学管理和合理施肥提供了依据.     

Developing a co-management financing mechanism to enhance the financial sustainability of marine protected areas in Taiwan

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a cost-efficient and management-effective tool. Fishery Resource Conservation Zones (FRCZs) are one type of MPA in Taiwan, and they were designated to ensure the sustainability of fishery resources since 1976; however, government appropriations are the only financing source for FRCZs, leading to manpower and equipment shortages for FRCZ management. This study selected the Touching and Suao FRCZs in Yilan County of Taiwan as cases studies. To assess the feasibility of establishing a sustainable financing mechanism for MPAs, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was applied to examine respondents׳ willingness to pay (WTP) to setup a fund for FRCZ management. The empirical results indicated that approximately 90% of respondents would be willing to donate funding for MPAs, and the WTP per respondent is NT$586.51 (US$19.6). Thus, establishing an MPA fund is a feasible way to operate Taiwanese MPAs through a co-management framework involving the central government, local government, local communities and stakeholders. However, based on our empirical results, a co-management financing mechanism for MPAs should be established to ensure stable and diverse financing sources.     

Fish gut microecosystem: a model for detecting spatial pattern of microorganisms

The spatial distribution pattern of organisms is a basic issue in understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. Although the spatial distributions of animals and plants have been well studied, those of microorganisms are still being debated. In this study, we used a fish gut microecosystem to detect the spatial pattern of microbes, because it can provide a relatively unified and stable environment. Results suggest that the turnover of intestinal bacterial assemblages showed a weak but highly significant negative correlation between similarity and distances in the microbial community, in respect of both grass carp intestinal loci distances and the geographical distance between fish sampling sites. Our results also suggest that intestinal bacterial assemblages responded to differences within the external environment and within different parts of the fish themselves. These results show that some, or possibly all, microbes are restricted in their distribution and that environmental factors are also important influences on the structure of intestinal bacterial assemblages. The fish gut microecosystem is useful in promoting study of the spatial distribution patterns of microorganisms.     

Structure of mitochondrial DNA control region of Pholis fangi and its phylogenetic implication

In this study, the entire mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control region （CR） of Pholis fangi was amplified via polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. The length of the mtDNA CR consensus sequence of P. fangi was 853 bp in length. In accordance with the recognition sites as were previously reported in fish species, the mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi can be divided into 3 domains, i.e., the extended terminal associated sequence （ETAS）, the central conserved sequence block （CSB）, and the CSB domain. In addition, the following structures were identified in the mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi：2 ETASs in the ETAS domain （TAS and cTAS）, 6 CSBs in the central CSB domain （CSB-F to CSB-A）, and 3 CSBs in the CSB domain （CSB-1 to CSB-3）. These demonstrated that the structure of the mtDNA CR of P. fangi was substantially different from those of most other fish species. The mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi contained one conserved region from 656 bp to 815 bp. Similar to most other fish species, P. fangi has no tandem repeat sequences in its mtDNA CR sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mtDNA CR sequences showed that there were no genetic differences within P. fangi populations of the same geographical origin and between P. fangi populations of different geographical origins.     

Coordinated development of land multi-function space: An analytical framework for matching the supply of resources and environment with the use of land space for ecological protection,agricultural production and urban construction

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment, this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space (LMFS) from three...     

天津近海海域隐伏断裂地震危险性评价

以天津市近海海域断裂探测资料为基础,通过对海河断裂海域段和海一断裂的地质构造、第四纪活动性、深部构造、构造应力场与形变场以及地震活动性等的研究,综合判定了海河断裂海域段和海一断裂的活动性与构造特征.利用地震地质、历史与现今地震活动性资料,建立了按500a归算的震级-频度关系模型,根据天津地区的最大震级上限Mu与a/b的关系,计算出了海河断裂海域段和海一断裂的最大震级.采用泊松概率模型,估算出了海河断裂海域段和海一断裂未来50-200a发生地震的最大震级、发生概率以及复发周期等定量参数.     

基于关系视角的中国对外直接投资区位

作为发展中国家和转型期经济体,中国在对外直接投资发展中具有很强的特殊性,较多的受到国家政策及其经济增长方式的影响,具有明显的政策导向、资源导向和国有经济为主体的特征。在此背景之下,本文基于2002-2012年的中国企业对外直接投资数据和2003-2011年的中国对外直接投资流量、存量金额数据,在经典国际直接投资理论的基础上,从"关系"的视角出发,结合中国对外直接投资发展历程,系统、详细地分析了中国对外直接投资的发展模式和区位分布特征。研究发现:中国的对外直接投资在区位分布、产业分布、投资模式和企业所有制方面都相对集中,但都呈现出向多元化发展的趋势;与东道国之间存在密切的政治关系、社会关系和经济关系是中国对外直接投资的区位选择的重要影响因素。