Advanced vegetation indices for sensing paddy growth via hyperspectral measurements

In this study, field-based spectroradiometer measurements were carried out in 72 plots with eight rice varieties along with three nitrogen applications. The critical wavelengths for the studied rice varieties at which the effects of nitrogen applications on spectral reflectance response were found significant, are ρ₅₅₀, ρ₅₆₀, ρ₆₅₅, ρ₇₅₀, ρ₇₅₅, ρ₇₈₀, ρ₈₁₀, ρ₈₄₀, ρ₉₀₀, ρ₉₂₀, ρ₁₀₀₀, ρ₁₀₁₀, ρ₁₀₂₀. Using the critical wavelengths, three derived vegetation indices were compared with established indices (VI and GRI) sensitive to nitrogen. VI₁ and VI₂ were efficiently able to discriminate the level of nitrogen treatments for most of the rice genotypes whereas VI and GRI were unable to find significant difference in nitrogen treatments for rice genotypes except two. Furthermore, nitrogen difference plots exhibited that the paddy crop growth has started earlier with N₃ (150 kg/ha) than N₂ (100 kg/ha) application. Quantitative analysis of rice genotypes revealed that VI₂ can be applied functionally for the assessment of nitrogen stress in rice agriculture system.     

Decoupling of Aerosol Absorption Coefficient in the Spring of 2006 at an Urban Site in Beijing

 A statistic regression approach was used to estimate the wavelength exponents of black carbon (BC) and dust particles, and further to separate the contributions of the two types of aerosols to the total light absorption coefficient measured in the Beijing urban area in the spring of 2006. The results show that the wavelength exponent (a) of black carbon aerosol at urban site was approximately -0.92, which is in agreement with the value of -0.8±0.2 reported in related studies. The decoupling analysis of the measured light absorption coefficients during the three floating dust periods ( March 25, March 27, and April 9) demonstrates that, on average, the light absorption caused by dust particles took up about 32.8% of the total light absorption at 520 nm wavelength, and by black aerosol more than 60%. This indicates that the black carbon was still the major contributor to the total aerosol light absorption in Beijing urban area even during the floating dust periods.     

RADIATION OF ALL WAVELENGTHS ON FINE WINTER DAYS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE LOW-LATITUDE CITIES OVER PLATEAU

The observation of radiation of different wavelengths was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Kunming City. The main results for clear days obtained in this paper are summarized as follows. (1) In the urban area.the fluctuation of radiation of different wave length are larger in the urban area due to strong effect of pollution.The radiation (difference and ratio between urban and rural areas) is lesser in the urban than in the rural areas.The difference is outstanding in the morning when the pollution is strong. (2) In the urban area of cities on low.latitude plateau, percentage of radiation of different wavelengths in total radiation differ between the morning and afternoon on fine winter days, so do that between the urban and rural areas and relevant variations, and the difference is most substantial at the time before midday when the air pollution is serious. (3) The difference between the urban and rural areas also exists for the diurnal total, totals for the time before and after midday in radiation of all wavelengths under the same sky conditions.     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钒渣中的主次量成分

采用偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钒渣中的Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、TiO2、MnO、P、V2O5、MgO、Fe、S、Cr2O3等11个主、次量成分。研究了熔剂、预氧化条件、熔样温度、脱模剂等对制样的影响。采用理论α系数校正基体效应及谱线重叠干扰的影响。测定钒渣试样各组分的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在0.1%～7.5%。用钒渣行业级有证标准物质及实际样品验证,测定结果与标准值及其他方法的测定值相符。与化学法相比,该方法具有快速、简便,精密度好,准确度高等优点。     

稳定条件下盆地上空大气边界层湍谱特征

本文利用100m~3系留气艇携带超声风温仪在复杂的盆地地形上空对1000m以下大气进行观测所获得的资料,研究小风稳定条件下大气边界层湍流结构特征。结果表明,在双对数坐标中,纵向速度u谱,垂直速度w谱,温度T谱在惯性区均遵循Kolmogorov的-2/3次律;横向速度V谱有其特殊的情形;协谱uw,wT及近地层的uT协谱在惯性区服从-4/3次律。和平坦、均一、开阔下垫面不同的是谱的峰值频率向高频移动,且没有发现近地层具有的谱峰随高度的明显变化关系。     

SAR波长对遥感图像统计特征的影响

遥感图像统计特征在目标辨识、图像配准以及图像分类等任务中扮演着重要角色。传统的统计特征鲁棒性分析一般是基于图像具有同一传感器参数的假设。而在现实任务中,往往需要处理由不同传感器参数拍摄的遥感图像,比如不同波长或入射角度等。传感器参数不同会导致图像灰度与表象特征不同,进一步会影响到统计特征表达。因此有必要系统研究常用统计特征与传感器参数之间的相关性,从而实现更加鲁棒的图像处理与分析。本文研究了目前常用的六种图像统计特征,在合成孔径雷达（SAR）波长变化时（L波段、C波段和X波段）的鲁棒性。实验中,对鲁棒性能指标作出定义,并对不同统计特征的鲁棒性做出了比较与分析。实验结果发现,不同统计特征对波长变化的鲁棒性不同,同时图像特征在不同地形时随波长变化的规律也不一致。本文的研究成果对基于SAR图像的判读、景象匹配制导以及景象适配性分析等具有重要的指导意义。     

A10绝对重力仪稳频激光器对重力测量结果的影响

简要介绍ML-1型稳频激光器的红、蓝光工作模式，对其单光、双光测量结果进行实验，并与FG5X型绝对重力仪的观测结果进行对比。结果表明，ML-1型激光器红、蓝光工作模式可有效减小稳频激光器温度及时间的漂移对绝对重力观测的影响，红蓝分离值的大小表征了激光器漂移的程度，若红蓝分离值较大，表明稳频激光器存在较大漂移，需进行标定校准。     

浙江外岗银多金属矿床热液蚀变短波红外光谱分析及找矿指示

中国东南沿海浙闽交界地区发现大量银多金属矿床,这些矿床以石英脉状矿化为主,并伴有明显的热液蚀变作用,关于其成因和控矿因素尚不清楚.文章以其中的外岗银多金属矿床为研究对象,开展了短波红外光谱测量(SWIR),提取蚀变矿物种类、组合信息,划分蚀变矿物分带,分析矿化强度与蚀变矿物组合及分带的关系.短波红外光谱测量识别出的蚀变...     

Interstellar polarization: New approximation

A new, physically valid, approximation of the wavelength dependences of the degree of linear interstellar polarization P _λ observed in a wavelength range from 0.2 to 4 μm is suggested. The data obtained from the ground-based observations and the HPOL and WUPPE space missions on P _λ of 104 stars located in a galactic latitude range B from ?20° to +20° are used. This approximation provides better agreement with the observational P _λ data than the models by Serkowski (1973) and Whittet et al. (1992) proposed before.     

绢云母短波红外光谱特征及其在矿产勘查中的应用

蚀变矿物短波红外(SWIR)光谱特征日趋广泛地应用于矿产勘查研究中。绢云母作为热液矿床中最为发育的蚀变矿物之一,通过SWIR光谱技术提取其谱学特征,进而建立与矿床基础地质信息之间的相关性具有重要意义。然而,前人对于绢云母短波红外光谱特征的研究主要集中于单个矿床,缺少不同矿床间的对比。基于此,文章梳理了混合矿物光谱曲线中对单一矿物相对含量的提取方式,系统总结了温度、流体化学成分、流体pH值、寄主岩石、矿物结构、矿物粒度及共(伴)生矿物等因素对绢云母谱学特征空间变化规律的影响,最后,从契尔马克替换效应角度出发,分析对比了5种不同成因类型矿床中近矿端绢云母波长变化。虽然将绢云母短波红外光谱特征有效地应用于矿产勘查仍存在诸多问题,但作者相信,应用绢云母短波红外光谱特征进行矿产勘查依然具有良好的前景。