Inland saline lakes with lagoonal biota: some reflections on the concept and nature of athalassic (non-marine), paralic and marine saline waters

First, some inland basins with lagoonal (or paralic) biota are brieffly described. The different kinds of saline aquatic environments are then defined and the composition of their biota are discussed. Finally, the still unknown microbiogeochemical composition of concentrated inland waters is discussed. Under arid and endorheic conditions, it seems that the wider and the more geologically complex a hydrological basin is, the more biogeochemically similar to seawater is the water of its terminal lake. The evolution of the microbiogeochemical complexity of seawater through geological times is considered.This paper has been the subject of considerable discussion among referees. Not all of the views expressed by the author are accepted by them.     

Arsenic in mine waters: an international study

 Hydrochemical data are presented for arsenic (As) in the mine waters of 34 gold and base-metal mining localities in seven countries of south-east Asia, Africa and Latin America, encompassing contrasting climatic settings and at least eight discrete styles of primary mineralization. Peak dissolved As concentrations at these sites range from 0.005–72 mg/l, with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) potable water threshold of 50 μg/l exceeded in 25 cases. Arsenate (As⁵⁺) constitutes the dominant species at over 80% of sites. Very high dissolved As concentrations (>1 mg/l) show no systematic between-site relationship with mine water pH/Eh regime. Important determinants of mine water As fluxes include iron hydrochemistry, the presence of cyanic ore processing effluents, site geology, the paragenetic sequence that follows sulphide oxidation, climate and mine management. Human toxicological impacts of As contamination have been recognized at only one case-study site, with a further four considered to warrant more detailed risk assessment. Received: 2 November 1999 · Accepted: 21 March 2000     

Caspian Sea amphipods: biodiversity,systematic position and ecological peculiarities of some species

In the Caspian Sea, one group of crustaceans, the Amphipoda, is represented by 72(70?) species, 60(58?) of which are gammarids, arranged in 20 genera. Almost all are endemic to the Ponto-Caspian zoogeographical region. To simplify the taxonomy of the genusGammarus Fabricius s.l., the Caspian gammarids ought to be grouped in 4 genera:Dikerogammarus Stebbing,Pontogammarus Sowinsky,Stenogammarus Martynov, andChaetogammarus Martynov. Taking into account the influence of different ecological factors on the external morphology of gammarids, we consider that all described forms ofDikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald),D. villosus (Sowinsky),D. palmatus Martynov,D. fluviatilus Martynov, and perhapsD. aralensis (Uljanin) are one species —D. haemobaphes. Study of the ecological area and distribution ofIphigenella andrusovi Sars,Pandorites podoceroides (Grimm) andChaetogammarus placidus Sars indicates that these species are endemic to the Caspian Sea.     

菲尔德斯半岛东南附近海域的两种仔鱼

198 7年 1 1月至 1 988年 4月在菲尔德斯半岛东南附近海域采集到的仔鱼体长为 1 3 .1 -1 5 mm,它们都处于早期发育阶段。经鉴定隶属一科 (南极鳕鱼科 Nototheniidae) ,一属 (Notothe-nia)两种 :(N.larseni Lonnb,N.gibberifrons Lonnb)。 N.larseni占 88 ,N.gibberifrons占1 2 %。本文对仔鱼形态作了详细的描述。     

Preliminary study on pisionids (Annelida: Polychaeta Pisionidae) from Hainan Island coastal waters, South China Sea

Of the four species ofPisione Grube (1856) collected from the coastal waters of Hainan Island, the South China Sea, and described in this paper,Pisione hainanensis n. sp. is new to science;Pisione oerstedii Grube, 1857;Pisione complexa Alikunhi, 1947, and Pisione levisetosa Zhao, Westheide & Wu, 1991 are reported for the first time from this area. Project 38970187 supported by NSFC.     

香港全新世沉积物中的风暴潮记录

香港是受台风暴潮影响最严重的地区之一。本项研究是根据近岸及浅海地区沉积物的特征性来分析和获取全新世的时期的台风暴潮信息。根据沉积结构和构造特征,发现有５种类型的沉积层：粉砂质粉土、砂质粒序层、水平或波状层理层、贝屑富集层和含贝屑粉砂层,其中后４种类型与台风暴潮有关。根据沉积物的磁化率分析,上部深度的高磁化率层可能与台风暴潮对现代受污染沉积物的改造致使新老沉积物的混合所致。有孔虫分析显示,风暴沉积层     

松花江水下爆破孔施工技术

在东北严寒季节,在松花江上施工水下爆破孔。介绍了施工设备及施工平台,根据不同地层分别采用静压振动下套管护壁及潜孔锤钻进方法,设计了风路系统,改进了套管妆方法,并采取了科学的管理方法,取产好的效果。     

Nature and role of CO2 in some hot and cold HCO3/Na/CO2-rich Portuguese mineral waters: a review and reinterpretation

 At the northern part of the Portuguese mainland, the upflow zone of several hot and cold HCO₃/Na/CO₂-rich mineral waters is mainly associated with important NNE–SSW faults. Several geochemical studies have been carried out on thermal and non-thermal hydromineral manifestations that occur along or near these long tectonic alignments. The slight chemical differences that exist between these meteoric hot and cold HCO₃/Na/CO₂-rich mineral waters seem to be mainly caused by CO₂. δ¹³C_(TIDC) values observed in these groundwaters range between –6.00 and –1.00‰ versus V-PDB (V denotes Vienna, the site of the International Atomic Energy Agency; PDB originates from the CaCO₃ of the rostrum of a Cretaceous belemnite, Belemnitella americana, collected in the Peedee formation of South Carolina, USA) indicating a deep-seated (mantle) origin for most of the CO₂. Nevertheless, in the case of the heavier δ¹³C_(TIDC) values, the contribution of metamorphic CO₂ or the dissolution of carbonate rock levels at depth cannot be excluded. Concerning the hot waters, the lack of a positive ¹⁸O-shift should be attributed to water-rock interaction in a low temperature environment, rather than to the isotopic influence of CO₂ on the δ¹⁸O-value of the waters. Received: 9 August 1999 · Accepted: 8 March 2000     

基于生态系统服务的海洋健康评估与调控:以莱州湾为例

近岸海域的生态系统管理,要求对海洋健康进行综合的评估以及对人工调控进行科学的指导,进而促进可持续发展。本文构建了定量化方法,用于评估当前的和近期的基于生态系统服务的海洋健康。以莱州湾为例的研究结果表明,当前的海洋健康指数分值为0.7856(总分为1.0);通过对负面压力进行不同强度的人工调控,得到近期海洋健康预计的变化范围为0.5551到0.8041。具体地说,本文评估得到当前的海洋健康主要表现为文化服务和供给服务基本优秀,而支持服务和调节服务不够良好。若不对持续增长的压力采取有效的调控措施,该近岸海域生态系统会在近期丧失部分支持服务和调节服务;若负面压力被完全控制,该近岸海域生态系统服务的分类等级会得到小幅提升。另外,应进一步加强对生态系统服务尤其是文化服务和调节服务的宣传教育。本文的分析过程和量化结果,为进一步指导人工调控提供了灵活的工具,有助于海岸带区域的生态系统管理。     

九龙江河-海系统夏季浮游植物磷胁迫研究

采用群落水平和细胞水平碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)相结合的方法,研究了2010年夏季(6-7月)九龙江河-海系统(河流-河口-邻近海域)浮游植物的磷胁迫,结果表明,单位叶绿素a的APA在河流下游区[(48.80±14.69)nmol/(h.μg Chl a)]显著高于河口区[(10.60±15.58)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)]和邻近海域[(23.54±25.41)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)],表明河流区的浮游植物磷胁迫显著高于河口区和邻近海域.三个区域高比例的游离态APA表明该水域浮游植物已较长时间处于磷胁迫状态.细胞水平的浮游植物荧光标记结果显示,河口区(20％±20％)与邻近海域(38％±20％)无显著差异(P＞0.05),此结果与群落水平APA结果相一致;但河口-邻近海域浮游植物的标记比例显著高于河流下游区(9％±3％)(P＜0.05).