江苏西洋海域潮流流速剖面参数的相位分析

正确地了解潮流流速、水深、粗糙长度,摩阻流速等随时间变化过程的相位关系,对研究浅海潮流的特性有重要的作用.在总结了潮流摩阻流速确定方法的基础上,对江苏西洋海域的实测资料进行了流速剖面参数计算和相位分析,得出结论:①浅海潮流的摩阻流速达到最大值时间要早于平均流速,并从理论上得到验证;②受海底潮流紊动切应力的影响,从表层到底层的流速沿水深随时间变化,底层的最大流速到达时间比上层及表层的要稍微提前;③在一个潮周期中,达到最大值的时间是先摩阻流速和粗糙长度,然后是流速,最后是水深.     

福建沿岸不同海区夏季浮游植物的组成与分布

结合福建省“908专项”,于2006年7～8月对福建省沿岸海域水采浮游植物的种属组成、数量分布、生物量进行了大面积科学调查．结果表明,福建沿岸海域浮游植物隶属于6门57属127种,其中硅藻47属107种,甲藻5属15种,蓝藻1属1种,金藻2属2种,隐藻1属1种,裸藻1属1种．硅藻类在种类和数量上均占主导地位,优势种主要是柔弱伪菱形藻（Pseudo—nitzschia delicatissima）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）等．硅藻类广布,甲藻类在闽东海域及东山沿岸分布较多,蓝藻类检出率降低,裸藻类和金藻类检出率增高．表层浮游植物平均细胞密度为3222．59×10^4ind／dm^3,数量分布态势为近岸高、外海低,阂东和闽南高、闽中低．叶绿素a及优势类群的分布与数量分布基本一致．福建沿岸海域赤潮生物种类较多,是引发赤潮的潜在生物因素,一些赤潮生物已在闽南、闽东沿岸局部海域成为优势种．     

深圳海域弧菌种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系研究

研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×10⁴ ,8.89×10² CFU/cm³;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×10²,2.66×10² CFU/cm³;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×10⁴ CFU/cm³)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V. splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V. natriegens类似种;V. alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。     

胶州湾东北部养殖海区环境质量状况及分析

基于2006年2月、5月、8月、11月胶州湾东北部养殖海区现场调查结果,采用单因子指数、富营养化指数、有机污染指数对环境状况进行了分析评价。结果表明:该海域主要受到无机N、P污染;COD在夏、秋季符合一类,但在冬、春季只达到国家二类海水水质标准;DO全部符合国家一类海水水质标准。通过站位间的比较发现,东北部沧口水域环境质量最差,全年处于富营养化状态,有机污染介于轻度到严重污染之间。红岛附近水质较好,不存在有机污染,只有春、秋季达到富营养化水平。研究结果显示该海域主要受陆源污染,且与现有污水处理不能有效去除无机N、P营养盐有关。     

Implementing geostatistical analysis to study spatio-temporal distribution patterns of swimming crabs(Portunus trituberculatus)

This study attempted to compare the performance of local polynomial interpolation,inverse distance weighted interpolation,and ordinary kriging in studying distribution patterns of swimming crabs.Cross-validation was used to select the optimum method to get distribution results,and kriging was used for making spatial variability analysis.Data were collected from 87 sampling stations in November of 2015(autumn) and February(winter),May(spring) and August(summer) of 2016.Results indicate that swimming crabs widely distributed in autumn and summer:in the summer,they were more spatially independent,and resources in each sampling station varied a lot;in the winter and spring,the abundance of crabs was much lower,but the individual crab size was bigger,and they showed the patchy and more concentrative distribution pattern,which means they were more spatially dependent.Distribution patterns were in accordance with ecological migration features of swimming crabs,which were affected by the changing marine environment.This study could infer that it is applicable to study crab fishery or even other crustacean species using geostatistical analysis.It not only helps practitioners have a better understanding of how swimming crabs migrate from season to season,but also assists researchers in carrying out a more comprehensive assessment of the fishery.Therefore,it may facilitate advancing the implementation in the pilot quota management program of swimming crabs in northern Zhejiang fishing grounds.     

论渔业法之渔业水域污染事故法律责任

优质的渔业水域环境是我国渔业可持续发展的重要保障,目前,我国渔业水域环境面临着较为严峻的污染问题,污染事故时有发生,严重影响了渔业的持续稳定发展。为了保护渔业水域环境、防治渔业水域污染事故,我国在《中华人民共和国渔业法》《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》等法律中均规定了相关内容,基本形成了渔业水域污染事故的法律规制模式,但仍然存在许多法律问题,如法律规定缺乏实施细则,可行性较低;相关定义模糊不清;事故损害调查方式不够合理等。在此背景下,文章分析了目前渔业水域污染事故对应的民事法律责任、行政法律责任和刑事法律责任,并提出建议,为渔业水域污染事故的处理和归责提供参考。     

胶州湾水域有机农药HCH的分布及水质标准

根据1986年4、7和10月的胶州湾水域调查资料,通过对有机农药HCH在胶州湾水域的分布、来源和季节变化的分析,研究结果表明：HCH含量在整个胶州湾水域都非常低,在这1 a中都〈0.100μg/L,在胶州湾水域HCH含量都优于国家一类海水水质标准,水质在HCH含量方面更加清洁;水体中HCH的表层含量已经没有季节变化,这...     

山东半岛近岸大气降水中的铝

根据1991－1995年间在黄海西北部的千里岩和青岛的八关山采集的雨水样品，对山东半岛近岸大气降水中铝的含量及其分布持征和影响因素进行了研究，结果表明，该区大气降水中的铝主要来自降水对陆源大气溶胶的淋洗和冲刷，具有显著的时空分布特异性，冬春季高于夏秋季，沿岸城市地带则高于远离陆地的海区，人文活动，气象条件及降水pH值是影响该地区大气降水中铝量的主要因素，通量计算显示大气沉降是陆源的铝向西北黄海输送的重要途径。     

Spatial Distributions of Phyllosoma Larvae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae and Scyllaridae) in Taiwanese Waters

Distributions and taxonomy of phyllosoma larvae were examined in Taiwanese waters, based on ichthyoplankton samples collected from May 1990 to July 1995. Phyllosoma larvae belonged to the two families Scyllaridae and Palinuridae representing 6 genera and 13 species. Of the collected phyllosoma larvae, those of Scyllarus and Panulirus species were most abundant, forming 90% of total numbers. Early stage Scyllarus and Panulirus phyllosoma larvae were abundant in Taiwanese waters. Middle to late stages (except the final stage) of Panulirus phyllosoma larvae were absent from the waters throughout the year, while those of Scyllarus phyllosoma larvae were collected in the waters. This suggests that all stages of Scyllarus phyllosoma larvae may be retained in the northern part of the waters around northern Taiwan while middle to late stages of Panulirus phyllosoma larvae may be flushed out from the waters, the sub-final and final stages then possibly returning to the waters. An anticlockwise eddy existed in the waters off northeastern Taiwan, which may be closely related to flushing out and returning of Panulirus phyllosoma larvae through a much longer planktonic period. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

舟山近海棘头梅童鱼群体遗传多样性微卫星DNA分析

应用6对可在棘头梅童鱼（Collichthy lucidels）中扩增的大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena Crocea）微卫星引物对浙江舟山近海的棘头梅童鱼群体进行PCR扩增,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析扩增产物.6对引物在群体中共扩增出46个等位基因,平均每个位点得到5.308 0个有效等位基因,各位点的PIC值为0.412 6~0.893 5（平均值0.670 8）,PC1C4和PC8F5为中度多态性位点,PC4H12、PC5E11、PC10F10及PC10G6为高度多态性位点,这些位点可以做为棘头梅童鱼群体遗传学研究的有效的分子遗传标记.6个位点的连锁分析显示,各位点间不存在明显的连锁关系.各位点在群体中的观测杂合度（Ho）为0.454 5~0.916 7（平均值0.659 1）,期望杂合度（He）为0.468 0~0.901 9（平均值0.699 7）,与其他海水鱼类比较,浙江近海的棘头梅童鱼群体遗传多样性偏低.对各位点进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,PC4H12、PC10F10及PC10G6位点的等位基因频率偏离了平衡,综合现有的资源调查资料,遗传多样性的降低与近年来棘头梅童鱼资源的下降有关.