水体中挥发酚测定中的流动注射分光光度法研究进展

挥发酚是水体中的重要污染物,对生态环境和人体健康有着严重的危害,美国环保署已将11种酚类化合物列入环境优先污染物之中。文章概括了挥发酚的气相色谱法、蒸馏后溴化容量法、重量法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、光度法等检测方法的特点,重点介绍了流动注射分光光度法在挥发酚测定中的原理及在水质分析中的应用,讨论了该法的影响因素,包括缓冲溶液pH、氧化剂、空气峰以及实际水样的影响,并对这一领域的发展趋势进行了展望。引用文献54篇。     

地下水中挥发性有机物的吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地下水中卤代烃类、苯系物、氯代苯类等20多种挥发性有机物的方法。对吹扫捕集条件、气相色谱条件和质谱条件进行优化,并对实际水样进行测定。方法检出限为0.03～0.28μg/L,基体加标回收率为88.8%～111.0%,精密度(RSD,n=7)为2.21%～5.31%。方法准确,灵敏可靠,可满足地下水中痕量挥发性有机物的分析要求。     

顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中25种挥发性有机污染物

采用顶空自动进样,气相色谱-质谱联用法对地下水分析测试中可能存在的25种挥发性有机污染物进行定性确认和定量分析。结果表明,卤代烃、苯系物和氯苯类均可以定性确认,各组分定量分析的检出限为0.03～0.13μg/L,精密度为1.98%～11.59%,加标平均回收率为84.5%～127.2%。同时优化了进样过程中的样品转移方式、进样器温箱加热温度和振摇时间。方法满足中国地质调查局地下水有机污染物的分析和评价要求。     

定边县周台子水源地地下水水文地球化学特征研究

以43件地下水化学样品为基础资料,对定边县周台子水源地地下水的水化学类型,水化学成分变化规律进行了研究,得出了矿化度、pH值、氟化物、氯离子、钠离子等水源地地下水水文地球化学特征。     

The mass estimation of volatile emission during 1199–1200 AD eruption of Baitoushan volcano and its significance

On the basis of the study of volcanic products during 1199–1200AD eruption of Baitou Mountain (Baitoushan), the released volatile content was estimated by comparing Cl, F, S, H₂O concentrations of undegassed glass inclusions with those of degassed matrix glasses. The calculations show that volatile yields, released from the melt, are 109.88 × 10⁶ ton of HCl, 196.80 × 10⁶ ton of HF, 1477.84 × 10⁶ ton of H₂O, 23.14 × 10⁶ ton of SO₂, which could have formed 35.43 x10⁶ ton of H²SO₄ aerosol in the atmosphere. They could have substantial effect on paleoclimate and paleo-environment.     

深孔电极载体蒸馏光谱法测定化探样品中八个易挥发元素

以碘化铵、硫酸钠、硫粉、碳粉、氧化钙、二氧化硅混合物为缓冲剂，深孔电极，截取曝光，以谱带背景作内标，一次摄谱同时测定化探样品中As、Sb、Bi、Ag、Pb、Cd、Tl、Sn等微量元素。方法精密度（RSD，n=10）为1．2％-5．0％，检出限为0．013—1．0μg／g。方法经国家一级标准物质验证，测定结果与标准值基本相符。     

Pele's hairs and tears: Natural probe of volcanic plume

We present a detailed petrographic study of Pele's hairs and tears sampled from Masaya volcano (Nicaragua). This study provides new observations of these little-known pyroclastic objects using both secondary electron images (SEI) and back scattering electron images (BSEI). Our work shows that Pele's tears can be associated with Pele's hairs after their formation: tears can be trapped on the walls and/or in the cavities of Pele's hairs. Moreover, chemical investigations of the Pele's hairs and tears highlight the presence of a chemical zonation. The edge of these tears and hairs show a siliceous enrichment, allowing us to quantify the interaction time of the silicate glass with acid gases in the volcanic plume. This study confirms the syneruptive and post eruptive volatile exsolution from Pele's hairs and tears.     

桐庐I型和相山S型两类碎斑熔岩对比

以浙西桐庐I型和赣东北相山S型碎斑熔岩为代表,对两类不同成因的火山-侵入杂岩进行了系统对比。桐庐I型具有相对贫SiO_2(<68％)、相对富Na_2O、贫K_2O(Na_2O/K_2O>0.78)、低的Rb/Sr(<0.9)和I_(Sr)(t)值(0.7060)以及高的ε_(Nd)(t)(>-6.0)等特征,表明源区为基性变质火成岩;相山S型含岩浆结晶的富铝矿物石榴石和红柱石,具有相对富SiO_2(2>68％)、低的Na_2O/K_2O(<0.78)、高的Rb/Sr(>0.9)和I_(Sr)(t)值(>0.7100)以及低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(<-6.0)等特怔,其源区为变质沉积岩。     

Possible effects of volcanic eruptions on stratospheric minor constituent chemistry

Although stratosphere penetrating volcanic eruptions have been infrequent during the last half century, periods have existed in the last several hundred years when such eruptions were significantly more frequent. Several mechanisms exist for these injections to affect stratospheric minor constitutent chemistry, both on the long-term average and for short-term perturbations. These mechanisms are reviewed and, because of the sensitivity of current models of stratospheric ozone to chlorine perturbations, quantitative estimates are made of chlorine injection rates. It is found that, if chlorine makes up as much as 0.5 to 1% of the gases released and if the total gases released are about the same magnitude as the fine ash, then a major stratosphere penetrating eruption could deplete the ozone column by several percent. The estimate for the Agung eruption of 1963 is just under 1% an amount not excluded by the ozone record but complicated by the peak in atmospheric nuclear explosions at about the same time. The long-term contribution to stratospheric CIX by volcanic eruptions is estimated as 0.1 ppbv for the period 1900–60 and 1 ppbv for the much more volcanically active period 1780–1840. All of the estimates are subject to large uncertainties, perhaps a factor of 2 or 3 on the high side and a factor of 10 or more on the low side.Paper presented at the IAGA/IAMAP Joint Assembly, Seattle, WA, U.S.A., August 1977.