Assessing the effectiveness of imperviousness on stormwater runoff in micro urban catchments by model simulation

Imperviousness, considered as a critical indicator of the hydrologic impacts of urbanization, has gained increasing attention both in the research field and in practice. However, the effectiveness of imperviousness on rainfall–runoff dynamics has not been fully determined in a fine spatiotemporal scale. In this study, 69 drainage subareas <1 ha of a typical residential catchment in Beijing were selected to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of imperviousness, under a typical storm event with a 3‐year return period. Two metrics, total impervious area (TIA) and effective impervious area (EIA), were identified to represent the impervious characteristics of the selected subareas. Three runoff variables, total runoff depth (TR), peak runoff depth (PR), and lag time (LT), were simulated by using a validated hydrologic model. Regression analyses were developed to explore the quantitative associations between imperviousness and runoff variables. Then, three scenarios were established to test the applicability of the results in considering the different infiltration conditions. Our results showed that runoff variables are significantly related to imperviousness. However, the hydrologic performances of TIA and EIA were scale dependent. Specifically, with finer spatial scale and the condition heavy rainfall, TIA rather than EIA was found to contribute more to TR and PR. EIA tended to have a greater impact on LT and showed a negative relationship. Moreover, the relative significance of TIA and EIA was maintained under the different infiltration conditions. These findings may provide potential implications for landscape and drainage design in urban areas, which help to mitigate the runoff risk. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城镇-农业-生态空间划定的多情景模拟

城镇-农业-生态空间划定(简称"三区"划定)是国土空间规划的核心内容,对于科学合理地规划、利用有限的国土资源具有重要的意义。已有研究主要根据区域内土地利用与社会经济发展现状构建指标体系进行"三区"划定,较少将未来土地利用变化纳入"三区"划定过程中,使得划定结果在指导实践过程中缺乏前瞻性。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于土地利用情景模拟,结合指标体系评价与决策树特征挖掘的"三区"划定方法,并以武汉市2015年土地利用现状为基础,在土地利用变化情景模拟的基础上进行"三区"划定。通过对比,验证了本文提出方法的合理性。研究发现:①不同情景下的"三区"空间在规模、空间分布上具有明显差异,将未来土地利用变化纳入"三区"划定过程中确有必要;②不同土地利用情景下"三区"空间的差异主要出现在三类空间的交界区域,这些区域是国土空间规划应该关注的重点区域。     

山东省金刚石深部找矿成果及技术进展

自原国土资源部等四部委发布《找矿突破战略行动纲要（2011—2020年)》,山东加强了对蒙阴金刚石原生矿深部及外围的勘查,深部及外围找矿工作取得丰硕成果,并在金刚石找矿方法和综合研究方面取得改进和新认识。本文总结了10年来山东省第七地质矿产勘查院金刚石找矿成果,蒙阴常马庄和西峪金刚石原生矿深部钻探控制至1000m,新增金刚石矿物量550万ct,改进了金刚石原生矿重砂矿物组合和粒级,完善了金刚石找矿方法和选矿方法,对金刚石成矿理论取得新认识,并在深部新发现含金刚石的金伯利岩管,在蒙阴金刚石原生矿外围发现了含金刚石的煌斑岩,查明了费县朱田大井头岩管为含金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩岩管。编制了《矿产地质勘查规范金刚石》,填补了我国没有《金刚石矿勘查规范》的空白,对我国今后的金刚石矿勘查具有重要的指导作用。     

面向山地徒步应急救援路径规划的改进蚁群算法研究

当消防事故发生在无明显道路或道路稀疏的野外复杂山区时,如何在复杂山地环境中规划安全、快速通过的路线至关重要。针对蚁群算法在复杂山地路径规划中容易陷入局部最优以及搜索时间较长的问题,本文提出一种适用于细粒度野外山地环境的徒步应急救援路径规划算法。本文首先根据已有文献分析地表信息与人类运动速度之间的关系,综合地表灌木盖度与地形坡度因素设计寻优算法的目标函数和启发函数;接着采用定向范围视野的蚂蚁搜索方式,决定蚁群算法寻优过程中每一步的网格选择;最后采用拉普拉斯分布调整初始信息素、添加隔离信息素、融合遗传算子与分组更新常规信息素的方法改进蚁群算法。将算法应用到400×400、1000×1000、5000×5000、10 000×10 000网格数的野外山地环境进行实验对比,实验结果表明,采用定向范围视野与优化启发函数的各蚁群算法在四组实验中均能得到可行路径,验证了方法的有效性;本文算法求解的路径质量优于另外三种算法,在四组实验中分别提高了0.52%～4.95%、4.71%～5.39%、2.26%～13.11%、3.84%～9.16%;此外,在野外三维山地环境中,定向范围视野的搜索方式缩减了搜索...     

沂南冯家村瓷石资源及其矿床地质特征

冯家村瓷石矿赋存于中生代燕山晚期中细斑二长花岗斑岩中,系酸性浅成侵入岩矿床。矿石化学成分高硅、富碱、贫铁镁,矿石工业类型属硬质瓷石,矿床成因为岩浆型矿床。矿体出露地表,规模大、质量优,易于开采。该矿床不仅为山东省陶瓷产业发展提供了资源保障,而且对寻找同类型瓷石矿床具有重要的现实指导意义。     

空心村土地整治潜力调查与评价技术方法——以山东省禹城市为例

新时期中国农村土地整治,已由单纯的学术性研究逐渐上升为拉动内需、推动新农村建设、实现统筹城乡发展战略的重大举措.开展空心村用地整治潜力的调查与评价是实行空心村整治的重要前提和基础.以山东省禹城市徐集等13个典型村为例,综合集成地理学、信息科学、土地科学等多学科的优势与技术手段,深入开展了典型空心村选取、村庄尺度土地利用现状分类体系构建、宅基地利用属性调查表设计、高分辨率遥感影像(分辨率0.25 m)使用与解译、空心村整治潜力类型及其测算方法等研究,逐层递进地构建了空心村用地潜力调查与评价的成套技术方法.实现了对传统土地利用研究的有益创新,有据可依,步骤清晰,成果明确,简单易行,空心村用地潜力调查与评价结果符合山东省禹城市的实际状况,取得了良好应用效果.研究成果可为开展我国空心村土地综合整治潜力的调查与评价提供技术方法支持.     

Governance strengths and weaknesses to implement the marine strategy framework directive in European waters

The ambitious Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) has been the focus of much marine research across Europe in the pursuit of achieving Good Environmental Status in the four European Union marine regions; Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic. This research addresses the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of the current European marine governance structures and its relationship to implement the MSFD. Results of the SWOT analysis were acquired through a combination of approaches with MSFD experts and stakeholders including: 30 face-to-face interviews, an online survey with 264 stakeholder respondents and focus groups within each European marine region. The SWOT analysis concurrently identifies common strengths and weakness and key governance issues for implementing the MSFD for European marine regions. This paper forms one assessment within the governance component of the Options for Delivering Ecosystem Based Marine Management (ODEMM) project and presents timely issues that can be of benefit to national and European Union policy makers.     

非洲旅游业发展与布局研究

本文在分析非洲旅游资源和旅游业状况的基础上，对大力开展观光旅游、积极发展休疗型旅游、努力开拓专题旅游等问题进行了探讨。     

地理信息系统支持区域土地利用决策的研究

本文以江苏省溧阳县为例,研究地理信息系统技术在区域土地利用多目标规划中的应用,着重探讨地理信息系统支持的区域土地利用决策原理和方法。研究表明,在地理信息系统的支持下,通过单项适宜性评价模型和生产布局决策模型的建立与运行,可以有效地进行研究区合理的土地利用布局和为区域土地管理提供依据。     

巴黎大都市区商业的发展及其新近的变化

阐述了近二十年来巴黎大都市区商业所经历的巨大增长和迅速变化。