基于用户轨迹的POI个性化推荐算法研究

为了实现兴趣点(POI)的个性化推荐,本文针对用户轨迹中的含有大量冗余点的问题,探讨了利用POI和公交数据对用户轨迹数据进行压缩的算法。研究了传统的协调过滤推荐算法后,提出一种基于用户轨迹的加权Top N推荐算法(User TN)。实验结果表明,推荐结果的准确率、召回率和个性化程度都优于传统的协同过滤推荐算法,证明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于改进DBSCAN方法的移动对象轨迹停留分析

停留是指对象静止或长时间在较小范围内徘徊的状态。从移动对象轨迹中识别出主要的停留时段及停留区域,可以进一步分析对象的行为及区域的特征。DBSCAN是一种基于密度的空间聚类方法,当二维空间中点密度超过一定阈值时,就认为这些点是一个集聚。本文对DBSCAN方法进行改进,不仅考虑轨迹点之间的空间关系,而且考虑轨迹点之间的时间关系,因此,能有效识别移动对象的停留。最后,利用Starkey项目提供的动物移动轨迹数据进行了停留分析。     

Privacy and spatial pattern preservation in masked GPS trajectory data

Personal trajectory data are increasingly collected for a variety of academic and recreational pursuits. As access to location data widens and locations are linked to other information repositories, individuals become increasingly vulnerable to identification. The quality and precision of spatially linked attributes are essential to accurate analysis; yet, there is a trade-off between privacy and geographic data resolution. Obfuscation of point data, or masking, is a solution that aims to protect privacy and maximize preservation of spatial pattern. Trajectory data, with multiple locations recorded for an entity over time, is a strong personal identifier. This study explores the balance between privacy and spatial pattern resulting from two methods of obfuscation for personal GPS data: grid masking and random perturbation. These methods are applied to travel survey GPS data in the greater metropolitan regions of Chicago and Atlanta. The rate of pattern correlation between the original and masked data sets declines as the distance thresholds for masking increase. Grid masking at the 250-m threshold preserves route anonymity better than other methods and distance thresholds tested, but preserves spatial pattern least. This study also finds via linear regression that median trip speed and road density are significant predictors of trip anonymity.     

An integrated remote sensing-GIS approach for the analysis of an open pit in the Carrara marble district,Italy: Slope stability assessment through kinematic and numerical methods

Over the last decade, terrestrial laser scanning and digital terrestrial photogrammetry techniques have been increasingly used in the geometrical characterization of rock slopes. These techniques provide innovative remote sensing tools which overcome the frequent problem of rock slope inaccessibility. Comprehensive datasets characterizing the structural geological setting and geometry of the slopes can be obtained. The derived information is very useful in rock slope investigations and finds application in a wide variety of geotechnical and mine operations. In this research an integrated remote sensing – GIS approach is proposed for the deterministic kinematic characterization of the Lorano open pit in the Apuan Alps of Italy. Based on the results of geomatic and engineering geological surveys, additional geomechanical analysis using a 3D finite difference method will be presented in order to provide a better understanding of the role of stress-induced damage on slope performance.     

Car navigation – computing routes that avoid complicated crossings

Personalized navigation and way-finding are prominent research areas of location-based service (LBSs). This includes innovative concepts for car navigation. Within this paper, we investigate the idea of providing drivers a routing suggestion which avoids ‘complicated crossings’ in urban areas. Inexperienced drivers include persons who have a driver’s license but, for whatever reason, feel uncomfortable to drive in a city environment. Situations where the inexperienced driver has to depend on a navigation device and reach a destination in an unfamiliar territory may be difficult. Preferences of inexperienced drivers are investigated. ‘Fears’ include driving into ‘complicated crossings’. Therefore, the definition and spatial characteristics of ‘complicated crossings’ are investigated. We use OpenStreetMap as a road dataset for the routing network. Based on the topological characteristics of the dataset, measured by the number of nodes, we identify crossings that are ‘complicated’. The user can choose to compute an alternative route that avoids these complicated crossings. This methodology is one step in building a full ‘inexperienced drivers’ routing system, which includes additional preferences from the user group, for example, as avoiding left turns where no traffic light is present.     

2017年5月长三角地区一次沙尘重污染天气成因分析

利用地面污染物监测数据、常规气象数据,ECMWF再分析数据以及L-波段无线电探空数据,并结合后向轨迹模型,对2017年5月长三角地区的一次沙尘重污染天气过程进行成因分析。结果表明:此次沙尘重污染过程是天气系统、地面及边界层气象条件共同作用的结果。东亚大槽东移、冷空气南下并配合地面高压的发展使河西走廊、宁夏大部、内蒙古西部出现沙尘天气,为后期长三角地区沙尘的输送提供了沙源; 850 h Pa上较大的风速为上游沙尘源区向下游长三角地区输送提供了通道;高压中心的下沉运动和白天增强的热对流活动使得高层沙尘影响地面具备了足够的动力条件;当沙尘抵达长三角上游地区后,不断减弱的冷空气和趋于静稳的近地面形势不利于污染物扩散,加剧了此次污染过程。     

山东惠民黑碳气溶胶变化特征及来源分析

利用山东惠民国家基准气候站2018年12月—2019年11月的黑碳质量浓度、常规气象观测资料以及 GDAS 数据,研究了该地区黑碳气溶胶的变化特征,并基于后向轨迹模型对其潜在源区进行了分析。研究结果表明: 1）观测期间,黑碳质量浓度平均值为 3.22 µg ? m-3,季节变化呈冬、春季高,夏、秋季低的特点;春、夏、秋季黑碳质量浓度的高频值在 2 µg ? m-3 以内,冬季的高频值在 6 µg ? m-3 以上。2）黑碳质量浓度日变化呈双峰结构,峰值分别出现在 06:00—08:00 和 19:00—21:00,谷值出现于 13:00—15:00。3）降雨和风对黑碳质量浓度有明显影响。非降雨期黑碳质量浓度是降雨期的 2.8 倍;当风速小于 3 m ? s-1 时,黑碳质量浓度随风速增大而减小;冬季在西南西方向、春季在正南方向过来的气团易造成黑碳质量浓度高污染。4）惠民气流输送的季节变化特征明显。春、秋、冬季来自鲁中、河北和苏北等周边地区的气流所占比例较高,对应黑碳质量浓度高值;夏季来自海洋方向的气流占比较高,对应的黑碳质量浓度较低。     

一种改进的浮动车地图匹配算法

现有地图匹配算法应用于低频方式采样的浮动车GPS数据时匹配准确度与匹配效率不能同时兼顾。基于此,本文提出了一种改进的浮动车地图匹配算法,基于改进的自适应电子地图网格划分方法快速确定待匹配定位点候选路段集,基于最短距离权重、车辆航向权重、最短路径权重及轨迹方向权重的总权重准确确定最优匹配路段及匹配点。试验结果表明,该算法在保证匹配效率的同时提高了算法的匹配准确度。     

一种基于多目视觉的无人机实时定位方法

提出了一种基于多目视觉的实时无人机自动定位方法。该方法将多相机和多台计算机联合组建局域网,通过相机标定、图像同步采集、背景差分与前方交会等实现无人机自动检测与定位。为了验证该方法的有效性,开发了一套无人机检测和定位的软硬件系统,试验结果表明该方法是可行、有效的,定位精度满足要求。     

基于主应力迹线分层的有限土体土压力计算

为了研究挡墙后有限土体的主动土压力,以墙后无黏性土体为研究对象,假定破裂面为通过墙踵的平面,且在挡墙平动模式下,墙后土体形成圆弧形小主应力拱。采用沿小主应力迹线分层的方法,将挡墙后土体划分为若干个圆弧形曲线薄层单元,考虑了单元体上下表面应力分布的不均匀性,提出了一种有限土体挡墙主动土压力计算方法,给出了主动土压力合力及其作用点高度的表达式,并验证了该方法的正确性。研究结果表明：采用曲线薄层单元法可以准确考虑单元体复杂的受力情况,能更好地反映挡墙后有限土体主动土压力的变化规律;有限填土时主动土压力沿墙高 呈非线性分布,土压力先随着土体深度增加呈单调递增趋势,然后在接近墙底位置处呈单调递减趋势。分析参数敏感性时取不同土体宽高比与墙背粗糙程度对挡墙主动土压力分布及合力作用点高度进行分析,结果表明：随着土体宽高比n的增大,主动土压力值逐渐增大,土压力分布曲线非线性越来越明显,合力作用点高度逐渐降低且恒大于 。当 0.71时,均趋于稳定。可将 0.71作为有限土体与半无限土体的临界宽高比。随着摩擦角 的增大,主动土压力值逐渐减小,土压力分布曲线非线性越来越明显,合力作用点高度逐渐增大且恒大于 。