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81.
Lightning optical pulse statistics from storm overflights during the Altus Cumulus Electrification Study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D.M. Mach R.J. Blakeslee J.C. Bailey W.M. Farrell R.A. Goldberg M.D. Desch J.G. Houser 《Atmospheric Research》2005,76(1-4):386
The Altus Cumulus Electrification Study (ACES) was conducted during the month of August 2002 in an area near Key West, Florida. One of the goals of this uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) study was to collect time resolved optical pulse data from thunderstorms. During the month long campaign, we acquired 5256 lightning generated optical pulses. Most of these observations were made while quite close to the top of the storms. We divided our data into two amplitude groups based on prior NASA U2 aircraft optical data and the pulse characteristics. The group of strong pulses with radiance greater than 2.1 mW m− 2 sr− 1 had mean and median 10–10% optical pulse widths of 770 and 740 μs, respectively, 50–50% pulse widths of 399 and 355 μs, respectively, and 10–90% risetimes of 292 and 260 μs. These values are very similar to the previous U2 based optical results The other group of pulses consisting of slightly more than a quarter of the total pulses observed had radiances less than the minimum values detected in the U2 study. These weak pulses were narrower than the strong pulses with 50–50% mean and median values of 199 and 160 μs, respectively. Only 12% of the flashes observed contained only weak pulses. The source of these weak pulses is unknown, but we suspect that some are artifacts of the close proximity of the aircraft to cloud top. 相似文献
82.
In this paper, the response of a visco-elastic half-space subjected to moving loads with static and dynamic components is investigated. Four types of vehicle loads are considered, including the moving point load, uniformly distributed wheel load, elastically distributed wheel load, and a train load simulated as a sequence of elastically distributed wheel loads. In each case, the influence of the moving loads traveling in the subsonic, transonic and supersonic ranges on the dynamic responses of the half-space is studied. The parametric study conducted herein enables us to grasp insight into the mechanism of wave propagation for a visco-elastic half-space under moving loads. 相似文献
83.
本文针对国家重点牵引力动力实验室的机车车辆整车滚动振动试验台的特点,探讨了一套适合试验台安装和养护的精密测量方法,实践证明,这套方法能满足试验台安装所需的精度要求。 相似文献
84.
1991年梅雨期中冷空气活动的个例分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过对1991年7月4—6日江淮地区大暴雨过程中冷空气的轨迹分析表明,来自西北方向的冷空气造成了冷暖空气在长江流域的对峙和高原东侧50hPa槽的发展,后者又进而促使了梅雨锋上的气旋发展。 相似文献
85.
The advantages of using unmanned underwater vehicles in coastal ocean studies are emphasized. Two types of representative vehicles, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from University of South Florida, are discussed. Two individual modular sensor packages designed and tested for these platforms and field measurement results are also presented. The bottom classification and albedo package, BCAP, provides fast and accurate estimates of bottom albedos, along with other parameters such as in-water remote sensing reflectance. The real-time ocean bottom optical topographer, ROBOT, reveals high-resolution 3-dimentional bottom topography for target identification. Field data and results from recent Coastal Benthic Optical Properties field campaign, 1999 and 2000, are presented. Advantages and limitations of these vehicles and applications of modular sensor packages are compared and discussed. 相似文献
86.
LI Xiang LIN Hui 《地球空间信息科学学报》2006,9(2):112-117
IntroductionIf let roadway entities be denoted by arcs and in-tersections be denoted by nodes, then a road net-work can be represented with node-arc model. Be-cause the designation of nodes can be determinedby arcs according to the definition of node-arc mod-el, howto designate arcs becomes the key of repre-senting a road network. As described in the firstpaper of the series, all four kinds of roadway enti-ties (i.e., streets, road segments, carriageways,and lanes) can be represented by arcs. … 相似文献
87.
An approximate analytical solution for the deposition of heavy particles released from an elevated line source 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
This work re-examines and further develops an analytical solution for the deposition swath of heavy particles released in
the atmosphere from an elevated source over uniform terrain, correcting the particle diffusivity for the crossing trajectory
effect. The revised (approximate) analytical solution proves to be accurate within 20% over a wide range of micrometeorological
conditions and particle size, despite its neglect of the turbulence component of the deposition flux. It compares very satisfactorily
with experimental data and with the simulations of a Lagrangian stochastic model, provided the variable U(H)/w
g
≤7 (ratio of the mean horizontal wind speed at source height to the particle settling velocity). In this domain of validity,
simple formulae relating the statistics of the deposition swath to U(H)/w
g
are derived. 相似文献
88.
89.
车辆路径问题:从时间地理学的视角 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
车辆路径问题具有典型的时空分布特征,受到众多时空约束条件的制约。在车辆路径规划中,综合考虑时间和空间因素是非常必要的。本文从时间地理学这一全新的视角来研究车辆路径问题,提出一套完整的时间地理学分析框架,阐述了时间地理学的基本概念,提出了车辆路径问题中的时空约束、时空路径、时空棱柱、时空可达性、时空距离等概念,并给出了图示或定量化的度量方法。论文提出的时空距离度量方法综合考虑了顾客在空间位置和时间窗口2个方面的特征,可更科学地判定顾客之间的"邻近性"。论文通过设计一种求解大规模软时间窗车辆路径问题的算法,证明了时空距离的价值,并展望了时间地理学在求解动态车辆路径规划问题、移动设施路径规划问题等方面的应用。本文的贡献在于,通过时间地理学所提供的一系列概念和方法,实现了在统一的框架下同时考虑车辆路径问题(VRP)的时间和空间特征的构想,挖掘了传统时间地理学理论在车辆路径领域中的应用潜力,这将有利于更快或者更好地求解VRP问题。 相似文献
90.
TOKPOHOZIN N. B. KOUNOUHEWA B. AVOSSEVOU G. Y. H. HOUEKPOHEHAM A. AWANOU C. N. 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):137-142
Under the action of marine currents, non-cohesive sediments evolve by bed-load, by saltation or suspension depending on their granulometry. Several authors have considered that the movement of sediment... 相似文献