断裂系扩展过程与地球物理场变化特征的实验研究

给出了判断断裂之间有无相互作用的力学判据.为了研究断裂间相互作用对地球物理场的影响,对若干类常见断裂系的扩展过程及扩展过程中的声发射b 值和波速变化进行了模拟实验研究.结果表明,各种断裂系由于相互作用的不同,扩展过程,声发射b 值和波速度化均有明显的不同特征.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE EFFECT OF QINGHAIXIZANG PLATEAU SNOW COVER ON SUMMER MONSOON FORMATION

The calculating schemes of underlying surface processes in the model described by Li et al.(1989)are modified with inclusion of simple land surface processes and oceanic mixed layer processes,then a simulation on the zonal wind along 90°E from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere with moun-tains is performed.Comparisons of the results and the observations show that the modified model not onlyhas an excellent stability in calculation but also can better display the seasonal change of the wind field,theability of the present model is improved as compared with that of the previous one.Based on the simulations,the authors investigate the effects of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau snow cover on theformation of South Asian monsoon by thickcning the snow depth and by increasing the snow albedo.Themain results arc as follows:The summer meridional circulation over the south of the Plateau and its vicinityis weakeued,and the precipitation reduced.However,over the northern tropics,the circulation is enhanced,and the ecipitation is increased,and the land and the air above it become warmer,the tropical easterly jetis weakened.     

1988年11月6日澜沧—耿马地震的水氡异常

本文研究了1988年11月6日澜沧、耿马7.6和7.2级地震的水氡异常,认为:1.震前中期、短期及临震各阶段异常均有显示;2.中期异常是趋势性上升的高值异常,它占全部异常的比例,与国内其它几次7级地震相比较略偏低;3.短期异常中有高值和低值异常,位于震中区及北西向腾冲-耿马地震带上的水氡观测点,以氡浓度降低的负异常为主要特征;4.震中周围300公里内未发现临震异常,它多出现在300—500公里范围内,特别集中在小江断裂带上。     

华北地区地震短临异常综合标志及预报指标的研究

本文对华北１６次中强以上地震前多兆短临异常进行了分析，归纳出短临异常的综合变化特征。依据短临异常的综合特征，提出在中期异常背景上孕震过程由中期向短期过渡的两个定量化综合标志。研究了孕震后期在观测到较多数量短临异常情况下，能否发布５级以上地震预报意见的预报指标。作为本文结果的检验，计算了８次地震丧的综合标志和预报指标。本研究工作在短临预报中具有一定的实用价值。     

Hydrogeologic role in sinkhole development in the desert of Kuwait

Sinkhole development is unlikely in desert areas with very low precipitation. However, a few cases of land subsidence and sinkhole development took place within the suburbs of Kuwait City. A few sinkholes developed in a sudden and rapid way, leading to great economic losses. In this paper the mechanism and causes of such a land subsidence are described. Decline in groundwater level and downward infiltration of excess irrigation are suggested to be the main factors in the development of the land subsidence in Kuwait. Urbanization and excessive garden irrigation are most probably the triggers of the sudden and rapid land subsidence.     

地震决策过程的一些思路

将翁文波（１９８４）信息预测过程的理论应用于地震的决策过程，用四个圆的交叉和重叠表示不同组合，共可分出１３个区，从决策结论是有震的情况可区分出７种不同性质的决策结果，剩下６处种都是在无决策情况下。决策有震且正确的有４种性质，决策有震且错误的有３种性质，当前，有关地震预报的理论尚很不完善，决策有震的符合比率相当低，通过决策过程的系统分析有利于理解漏报、虚报、伪报、假正确等情况的产生原因，有利于改善地     

The Chemical Composition of Global Subducting Sediments and Its Geological Significance

Subducted sediments play an important role in crust-mantle interaction and deep mantle processes, especially for subduction zone magmatism and mantle geochemistry. The current rate of Global Subducting Sediments (GLOSS) is 0.5~0.7 km³/a. The GLOSS are composed of terrigenous material(76 wt.%), calcium carbonate(7 wt.%), opal(10 wt.%) and mineral-bound H₂O⁺(7 wt.%). The chemical compositions of GLOSS are similar to those of upper continental crust which is mainly controlled by the terrigenous materials, and yet the materials formed by marine processes will dilute the terrigenous materials. The components of subducted sediments are different among trenches. In the accretionary margin, the components of subducted sediments are similar to those of the upper crust, while in the non-accretionary margin the components are terrigenous materials plus those produced by marine processes. During subduction, subducted sediments will released fluids, melt or supercritical fluid to affect island arc/back-arc basin magmatism by means of aqueous fluid or sediment melt. In addition, a part of subducted sediments, together with underlying altered oceanic crust/lithosphere, recycle into the mantle and contribute to the mantle heterogeneity. Geochemical tracers indicate that subducted sediments play variable contributions to the magmatic processes in different tectonic setting. Thus, subducted sediments play an important role in two relatively independent dynamics systems (plate tectonics and mantle plume), as well as related mantle evolution models. As a result, by accurately calculating the compositions of subduction sediments and using various geochemical indicators, we can further limit the input and output fluxes of various elements or isotopes, and then obtain more accurately residual subducted components, which can provide us some important clues for geodynamic process.     

逆断裂在浅部松散层中的破裂传播方式

根据实际资料分析研究，逆断裂破裂位错向上传播至松散层中有４种消减形式：端部分叉、从断裂向褶皱转换、破裂在松散层中的吸收与尖灭及逆断层前方碎砾物质的扰动变形等。端部分叉与扰动变形的消减可能与突发性位错相关；上覆层的褶皱及位错在松散层中的尖灭则多属弹－塑转换型的消减方式