层序地层体制中的陆相储层发育规律

沉积基准面旋回变化控制着陆相层序地层的形成与演化 ,并为预测陆相储层的发育与展布提供了一个参照格架。在纵向上 ,基准面旋回通过控制物源区的扩大与收缩、河流地貌的改造与变迁、沉积物的供给型式等 ,控制着储层形成条件与发育规律。基准面低位期是形成各类储集砂体和岩性圈闭的有利时期 ;在平面展布上 ,储层沉积作用受到古构造和古地理格局的制约 ,盆地内局部高地影响着水系的具体分布格局 ,古山口、侵蚀沟谷、古河道等决定着物源的搬运通道 ,古断层、古斜坡和坡折带等决定着沉积物卸载场所。因此 ,沟谷、河道等负向地貌单元与古断层、坡折带等地势梯度变化带相匹配的地理空间 ,是储集岩分布的有利所场。     

济阳坳陷惠民凹陷临盘地区始新统孔店组一段—沙河街组四段红层划分和对比

受气候控制的洪水事件沉积因其短暂性、广布性和周期性等特征,具有相对的等时效应,可以作为地层划分和对比的标志层。通过分析不同规模周期下的事件沉积和正常沉积特征,并结合基准面旋回理论,识别出济阳坳陷惠民凹陷临盘地区始新统孔店组一段—沙河街组四段下亚段红层短期、中期和长期三个级次的基准面旋回特征,短期旋回以洪水期和间洪水期内发育的不同类型沉积微相组合为特征,中期旋回以发育一套完整的洪水期—间洪水期沉积为标志,长期旋回则以多个中期旋回组成的地层叠加为特征;以此为依据将惠民凹陷临盘地区孔店组一段—沙河街组四段下亚段划分为5个长期旋回、16个中期旋回及若干个短期旋回层序,并对第一个长期旋回进行了精细层序地层对比,在此基础上建立了干旱气候控制下的红层层序的划分和对比模式。     

Quantitative Tectonic Markers of Large Coastal Earthquakes in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and Hainan——with a Discussion of Qualitative Indicators

This paper expounds the quantitative tectonic indicators and some qualitative indicators of large earthquakes in the coast areas of Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and Hainan. The main quantitative indicators include uplift amplitude of the Moho, Quaternary and Late Holocene coasts. The paper also gives a brief account of the research method on quantitative indicators of surface uplifted zones. Taiwan is a famous neotectonic zone and an area of large earthquakes in the world. There is only one large-earthquake area in each of Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. Along the coast large earthquake areas there are certainly many remains of crustal activity. Among these remains, coast activity, taking the sea level as the accurate marker horizon, can determine not only the amplitude of coastal elevation and subsidence in a certain period, but also the cycle and rate of positive or negative movements.     

循环冻融条件下安山岩和花岗岩的物理力学特性试验研究

结合青藏铁路块石护坡路基处于青藏高原特殊的气候条件,对用于青藏铁路护坡的两种主要岩石（花岗岩和安山岩）进行循环冻融试验.结果表明:两种岩石在经历了数次冻融循环后都出现了微细裂纹;声波监测表明,超声波速同冻融循环周期呈指数下降关系,显示了冻融循环对岩石风化的影响以及循环后岩石物理力学参数变化的趋势.结果说明,花岗岩的冻融...     

季节冻土区盐渍土环境下混凝土抗冻耐久性机理

为了研究混凝土在冻融交替与盐类侵蚀双重因素作用下的抗冻耐久性能,根据季节冻土区大安境内盐渍土中主要易溶盐的类型与含量,配制了3种质量分数的复合盐侵蚀溶液,制备了普通混凝土、2种引气混凝土及2组粉煤灰混凝土试件,进行盐蚀[CD*2]快速冻融循环试验,对盐冻破坏后混凝土的质量损失、动弹性模量衰减及其微观结构进行分析。试验结果表明:在冻融循环作用下,复合盐加剧了混凝土的冻融剥蚀破坏;混凝土的冻害程度与侵蚀盐溶液的质量分数、冻融循环次数、混凝土的含气量、粉煤灰掺量等因素有关;造成混凝土发生盐冻破坏的原因有水结成冰的膨胀压力,或冰与水的渗透压力以及复合盐与水泥水化产物发生的化学侵蚀和盐类的结晶膨胀,其中,盐类结晶压对混凝土内部结构的破坏更严重。     

Screening Effect of the Diffusive Boundary Layer in Sediments of Lake Aha in the Suburbs of Guiyang City,Guizhou Province

The redox cycle of iron and manganese is a major geochemica process at the boundary layers of lake sediments.Lake Aha,which lies in the suburbs of Guiyang City,Guizhou Province,China,is a medium-sized artificial reservoir with seasonally anoxic hypolimnion,Long-term sedimentary accumulation of iron and manganese resulted in their enrichment in the upper sediments,In the anoxic season,Fe^2 and Mn^2 ,formed by diological oxidation,would diffuse up to overlying waters from sediments.However,the concentration of oxidation,would diffuse up to overlying waters from sediments,However,the concentration of Fe^2 increased later and decreased earlier than that of Mn^2 .Generally,sulfate reduction occurred at 6 cm below the sediment-water interface.Whereas,in the anoxic season.the reduction reached upper sediments,inhibiting the release of Fe^2 ,The Fe concentration of anoxic water is quickly decreased from high to low as a result of reduction of the suplhur system.     

刘家坪铜-锌矿区古火山机构特征及其地质意义

刘家坪黄铁矿型块状硫化物铜-锌矿床是一个面临闭坑的矿山。对矿区刘家坪组火山岩机构的研究,将是进一步寻找矿体的关键。通过野外地质调查及对刘家坪铜-锌矿区刘家坪组火山岩系的岩石矿物组合和结构构造、岩石化学成分、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,初步确定了矿区古火山机构及其岩相构造的基本特征,建立了火山岩层序、喷发旋回和喷发类型。     

湖北省栖霞组沉积环境-沉积旋回及层序地层划分

根据岩石结构、构造及生物碎屑含量等特征,将本区栖霞组分为3类微相:A.生物碎屑灰岩;B.灰泥岩;C.具水平层纹的含炭质泥质细生物屑灰岩(泥灰岩).在剖面上,这3类微相组合成CA、CB或以C微相为主的韵律.不同韵律纵向上有规律的叠置常构成厚约10余米的沉积旋回.根据沉积旋回在垂向上的更替,在本区栖霞组内可识别出4次较大的海平面变化,周期约3My.通过与同期泛大陆北方各大陆上所发育的旋回层的对比,作者认为本区栖霞组内的4次海平面变化属三级海平面变化,对应4个三级层序,为全球冰川性海平面变化的结果,可与同期北美大陆上海平面变化曲线对比.     

川西坳陷南部须家河组—蓬莱镇组短期基准面旋回层序分析

本文运用短期基准面旋回界面的识别标志,将川西坳陷南部须家河组—蓬莱镇组短期基准面旋回层序划分为向上“变深”非对称型(A型)和向上变深复变浅的对称型(C型)两种基本结构类型;再根据可容纳空间大小和上下两个半旋回的厚度,进一步划分为5个亚类型:低可容纳空间向上“变深”非对称型(A₁型),高可容纳空间向上“变深”非对称型(A₂型),以上升半旋回为主的不完全对称型(C₁型),近完全—完全对称型(C₂型),以下降半旋回为主的不完全对称型(C₃型)。     

Early Pleistocene climate changes in the central Mediterranean region as inferred from integrated pollen and planktonic foraminiferal stable isotope analyses

Vegetation inherited from a Pliocene subtropical climate evolved through obliquity oscillations and global cooling leading to modern conditions. An integrated, highly time-resolved record of pollen and stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C of Globigerina bulloides) was obtained to understand vegetation responses to Early Pleistocene climate changes. Continental and marine responses are compared in the Central Mediterranean region with a particular consideration of environmental changes during anoxic events.Pollen data illustrate vegetation dynamics as follows: [1] development of mesothermic elements (warm and humid conditions); [2] expansion of mid- and high-altitude elements (cooler but still humid conditions); and [3] strengthening of steppe and herb elements (cooler and dry conditions). These successions correlate with precession. δ¹⁸O variations recorded by Globigerina bulloides define two cycles (MIS 43-40) related to obliquity. At northern low- to mid-latitudes, the pollen signal records temperature and wetness changes related to precession even during global climate changes induced by obliquity. This may result in unexpected increasing wetness during glacial periods, which has to be considered specific to the Central and Eastern Mediterranean region. Lastly, an analysis of anoxic events reveals that enhanced runoff is indicated by increasing frequency of the riparian trees Liquidambar and Zelkova.