Analysis and Design of Retaining Wall having Reinforced Cohesive Frictional Backfill

The case of a rigid wall with inclined back face retaining reinforced cohesive-frictional backfill subjected to uniformly distributed surcharge load has been analyzed using limit equilibrium approach. The analysis considers the stability of an element of the failure wedge, which is assumed to develop in the reinforced earth mass adjoining the back face of wall. The non-dimensional charts have been developed for computing the lateral earth pressure on wall and the height of its point of application above the base of wall. The theoretical findings have been verified by model tests on a rigid wall retaining a dry cohesive-frictional soil reinforced by geogrid strips. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. A design example has been included to illustrate the design procedure.     

Combined action of uniform flow and oscillating flow around marine riser at low Keulegan-Carpenter number

With the increase of petroleum and gas production in deep ocean, marine risers of circular cylinder shape are widely used in the offshore oil and gas platform. In order to research the hydrodynamic performance of marine risers, the dynamic mesh technique and User-Defined Function （UDF） are used to simulate the circular cylinder motion. The motion of a transversely oscillat-ing circular cylinder in combination of uniform flow and oscillating flow is simulated. The uniform flow and oscillating flow both are in x direction. SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The User-Defined Function is used to control the cylinder transverse vibration and the inlet flow. The lift and drag coefficient changing with time and the map of vorticity isolines at different phase angle are obtained. Force time histories are shown for uniform flow at Reynolds number （Re） of 200 and for the com-bination of uniform and oscillating flows. With the increase of amplitude of oscillating flow in combined flow, the change of lift am-plitude is not sensitive to the the change of cylinder oscillating frequency. Lift amplitude increases with the increase of oscillating flow amplitude in the combined flow, but there is no definite periodicity of the lift coefficient. The drag and inertia force coefficients change when the maximum velocity of the oscillating flow increases in the combined flow. The vortex shedding near the circular cylinder shows different characteristics.     

Climbing‐ripple successions in turbidite systems: depositional environments,sedimentation rates and accumulation times

Climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination is most commonly deposited by turbidity currents when suspended load fallout and bedload transport occur contemporaneously. The angle of ripple climb reflects the ratio of suspended load fallout and bedload sedimentation rates, allowing for the calculation of the flow properties and durations of turbidity currents. Three areas exhibiting thick (>50 m) sections of deep‐water climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination deposits are the focus of this study: (i) the Miocene upper Mount Messenger Formation in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand; (ii) the Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation in the Tanqua depocentre of the Karoo Basin, South Africa; and (iii) the lower Pleistocene Magnolia Field in the Titan Basin, Gulf of Mexico. Facies distributions and local contextual information indicate that climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination in each area was deposited in an ‘off‐axis’ setting where flows were expanding due to loss of confinement or a decrease in slope gradient. The resultant reduction in flow thickness, Reynolds number, shear stress and capacity promoted suspension fallout and thus climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination formation. Climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination in the New Zealand study area was deposited both outside of and within channels at an inferred break in slope, where flows were decelerating and expanding. In the South Africa study area, climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination was deposited due to a loss of flow confinement. In the Magnolia study area, an abrupt decrease in gradient near a basin sill caused flow deceleration and climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination deposition in off‐axis settings. Sedimentation rate and accumulation time were calculated for 44 climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination sedimentation units from the three areas using TDURE, a mathematical model developed by Baas et al. (2000) . For T_c divisions and T_bc beds averaging 26 cm and 37 cm thick, respectively, average climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination and whole bed sedimentation rates were 0·15 mm sec^?1 and 0·26 mm sec^?1 and average accumulation times were 27 min and 35 min, respectively. In some instances, distinct stratigraphic trends of sedimentation rate give insight into the evolution of the depositional environment. Climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination in the three study areas is developed in very fine‐grained to fine‐grained sand, suggesting a grain size dependence on turbidite climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination formation. Indeed, the calculated sedimentation rates correlate well with the rate of sedimentation due to hindered settling of very fine‐grained and fine‐grained sand–water suspensions at concentrations of up to 20% and 2·5%, respectively. For coarser grains, hindered settling rates at all concentrations are much too high to form climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination, resulting in the formation of massive/structureless S₃ or T_a divisions.     

简易编码法在数字化测图中的应用

目前主要的野外成图方法有电子平板测图、野外画草图法、编码法测图等,但每种方法都有一定的不足,为了克服这些不足,编辑了一种以一位或两位数字做为简易编码并使其与地物的全码相对照,制定相应的连接规则。内业在绘图软件上开发挂件,在展点过程中实现独立地物的自动展绘以及规则地物的自动成图,经屏幕编辑完成后,再通过图形清理程序进行图形整饰工作最终生成地形图。     

煤柱下底板偏应力区域特征及案例

选取某煤矿近距离煤层为工程背景,采用FLAC3D模拟了8#煤层残余煤柱底板偏应力场分布特征。结果表明：（1）底板的偏应力呈扩散状向底板传递,距离煤柱越远扩散范围越广,煤柱边缘偏应力呈45°向底板传播;（2）煤柱较窄时,中线和边缘处偏应力影响深度浅,随煤柱宽度增加,底板偏应力变化和影响深度较大,当煤柱宽度足够大时,影响深度又变浅,中部趋于原岩应力;（3）同一水平面上,偏应力呈马鞍状分布,随煤柱宽度增加,煤柱中线处和边缘处偏应力经历了先增大后减小的过程,煤柱边缘处偏应力峰值位置变化不大;（4）同一煤柱宽度,煤柱边缘偏应力峰值向深部递减且趋势减慢,同时,峰值远离煤柱且趋势加快。在自由边界受均布载荷、底板垂直应力、水平应力、切应力解析解的基础上,推导了底板偏应力解析公式,解析与模拟结果基本吻合。具体到该工程的地质条件,9205轨道巷距离煤柱边缘20 m、9205回风巷在煤柱边缘、9205运输巷在煤柱中线处,9205轨道巷维护效果最好,证明了内错式巷道且距离煤柱足够远时,偏应力较小,宏观应力环境更适合巷道围岩自稳。     

太湖悬浮颗粒物细菌碱性磷酸酶编码基因的分布特征

颗粒态有机磷的碱性磷酸酶矿化是水生态系统磷循环的重要环节,对细菌碱性磷酸酶编码基因的解析有利于揭示浅水富营养化湖泊有机磷矿化的微生物驱动机制.本文以太湖不同生态类型湖区悬浮颗粒物为研究对象,运用荧光定量PCR技术,探究太湖水体中悬浮颗粒物细菌碱性磷酸酶phoX和phoD基因的时空分布特征,以及影响两类基因丰度的主要环境因子.结果表明：太湖不同生态类型湖区中phoD基因丰度是phoX基因的6~42倍,且二者均存在显著的时空分布差异.6月,河口区phoX（9.18×10⁴ copies/L）和phoD（1.88×10⁶ copies/L）基因丰度均最高,其次分别为草型区、湖心区和藻型区.与6月相比,9月各湖区phoD基因丰度显著降低,而phoX基因丰度在藻型区和草型区则有所升高.9月,草型区phoX基因丰度最高（5.70×10⁴ copies/L）,河口区最低（1.49×10⁴ copies/L）.水生植物对phoX和phoD基因丰度具有重要贡献.悬浮颗粒物细菌phoX基因丰度可能被低估.溶解氧、总氮和总磷是影响太湖phoX和phoD基因丰度的主要环境因子.     

基于判别式字典的正则化稀疏表示人脸识别算法

为了克服非约束性(光照、表情变化)条件下会大大降低人脸识别率的缺陷,提出一种基于Fisher判别准则的正则化稀疏表示人脸识别算法.首先将人脸图像经过Gabor滤波器滤波得到Gabor幅值图像,提取其统一化的局部二进制直方图,然后利用Fisher判别准则学习得到新的字典,最后通过正则化的稀疏表示判断测试图像所属类.利用AR数据库的数据进行实验的结果表明,与SRC、FDDL、RSC识别算法相比,本文算法在非约束性条件下具有最佳的识别率.     

统一检索界面技术初探

气象信息存储检索系统是将实时气象资料和历史气象资料进行统一的组织和管理，并提供检索服务的系统。由于数据量大，不可能都放在存取速度快但价格较高的磁盘上，因此必须将数据根据其访问频率分别存储在一级磁盘、二级自动磁带库和三级脱机磁带上，并结合使用商用数据库管理系统、数据迁移软件和存档软件对分布在各级存储设备上的数据进行管理。但由于这些软件之间存在的不衔接，不能对三级存储没备上的数据进行统一管理，也带来了用户检索界面不统一的问题。针对这个问题，本文对基于商用数据库技术的磁盘磁带数据的统一检索界面技术进行了探讨和研究，提出了统一检索界面的解决方案并在一定条件下，实现部分关键技术。