Cartographic Symbol Design Considerations for the Space–Time Cube

The cartographic representation of geographic phenomena in the space–time cube comes with special challenges and opportunities when compared with two-dimensional maps. While the added dimension allows the display of attributes that vary with time, it is difficult to display rapidly varying temporal data given the limited display height. In this study, we adapt 2D cyclic point symbols to construct 3D surfaces designed along a helical path for the space–time cube. We demonstrate how these complex?3D helical surfaces can display detailed data, including data reported daily over 100 years and data reported in four-hour intervals over a year. To create the point symbols, each value is plotted along the curve of a helix, with each turn of the helix representing one year or week, respectively. The model is modified by varying the radii from the time axis to all points using the attribute value, in these cases maximum daily temperature and four-hourly ridership, and then creating a triangulated surface from the resulting points. Using techniques common to terrain representation, we apply hue and saturation to the surface based on attribute values, and lightness based on relief shading. Multiple surfaces can be displayed in a space–time cube with a consistent time interval facing the viewer, and the surfaces or viewer perspective can be rotated to display synchronized variations. We see this method as one example of how cartographic design can refine or enhance operations in the space–time cube.     

A literature synthesis of LiDAR applications in transportation: feature extraction and geometric assessments of highways

Interest in using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology in Transportation Engineering has grown over the past decade. The high accuracy of LiDAR datasets and the efficiency by which they can be collected has led many transportation agencies to consider mobile LiDAR as an alternative to conventional tools when surveying roadway infrastructure. Nonetheless, extracting semantic information from LiDAR datasets can be extremely challenging. Although extracting roadway features from LiDAR has been considered in previous research, the extraction of some features has received more attention than others. In fact, for some roadway design elements, attempts to extract those elements from LiDAR have been extremely scarce. To document the research that has been done in this area, this paper conducts a thorough review of existing studies while also highlighting areas where more research is required. Unlike previous research, this paper includes a thorough review of the previous attempts at data extraction from LiDAR while summarizing the detailed steps of the extraction procedure proposed in each study. Moreover, the paper also identifies common tools and techniques used to extract information from LiDAR for transportation applications. The paper also highlights common limitations in existing algorithms that could be improved in future research. This paper represents a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in knowing the current state of research on the applications of LiDAR in the field of Transportation Engineering while also understanding the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.     

面向对象的城市管网数据组织模型设计

针对现有城市管网数据组织方式存在的问题,提出了一种基于面向对象的城市管网数据组织模型,该模型从人们认知的角度,将客观世界中的管网作为集数据和方法于一体的对象综合体,进行一体化存储和管理。模型在引入类概念的基础上,对基类中几何类和实体类的结构进行了详细设计,并讨论了模型中类与类、类与对象之间的关系,最后以城市供水管网为例,设计了基于对象的城市供水管网数据组织模型。     

临海基本农田保护网络地图发布系统的设计与实现

从系统总体设计、系统功能、系统结构、数据库设计等方面详细介绍了临海基本农田保护网络地图发布系统的设计,采用ArcIMS技术进行开发,分别使用ArcSDE实现空间数据的动态管理,使用ADO管理属性数据,建立了关于农田保护的网络电子地图发布平台,实现了农田保护的高度信息化。     

基于北斗卫星系统的地质灾害监测系统软件设计与实现

我国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一。地质灾害种类繁多,条件复杂,监测难度大,尤其是边远山区、城市、郊区等通信网络不能覆盖或者信号不稳定的地区。而北斗卫星系统具备良好的覆盖能力,其信息传输功能与特点为建立三级（总中心、分中心和野外监测站）的自动化地质灾害监测系统提供了一种新的数据传输途径。介绍了基于北斗卫星系统的地质灾害监测系统的基本情况、总中心数据管理软件和分中心数据处理软件的基本结构和主要功能、及两部分软件的设计流程和实现过程。     

地理国情普查数据预处理软件主体功能设计

为满足地理国情普查数据库建设技术设计要求,全国各省市普查数据成果都需要进行全面的入库前预处理。处理过程烦琐,若采用人工方式,工作效率低下且数据质量难以保证。本文依托丰富的实际生产经验,在进一步筛选和不断总结的基础上,对地理国情普查数据预处理软件进行了主体功能设计。     

发现学习在《GPS定位技术》教学中的应用研究

论述了发现式学习与教学的概念,提出了采用发现学习的方法进行《GPS定位技术》教学的可行性,分析了基于发现学习的教学设计和具体内容,指出了发现学习存在的不足。     

基于线路设计模型的一体化中线测设方法研究

本文针对线路（包括铁路和公路）的中线测设计算量大、野外作业条件的不可预知性和劳动强度大等特点,介绍了一种基于线路设计模型的一体化中线测设的教学模型及方法,以此为基础开发了实用的中线放样程序并运用于我国第一条磁悬浮线───交大青城磁浮列车试验示范城的中经测设中,实践证明一体化的思想及方法具有高效、灵活和可靠性等特点。     

横向受荷桩的最轻重量设计

尝试建立变截面桩的挠曲线微分方程,继而提出了变截面优化桩的概念,并给出了端承桩的一种优化算法。还以圆截面大孔径挖孔灌注桩为例,在桩顶受竖向荷载、水平横向力及弯矩作用时,进行了最轻重量设计。通过计算表明,使用变截面优化桩可使桩的体积减少30%以上。     

同步设计和异步设计的最优性

针对Grafarend的四类设计,提出了网的同步设计,论证了异步设计的相互关系,并从最优性及解集论证了同步设计和异步设计的最优性问题.得到整体最优和局部最优。最后以一算例表明结果的合理性。