北京地区春末-秋初气溶胶理化特性的观测研究

分析了1997年5～9月和1998年4～9月北京整层大气气溶胶光学厚度、近地面气溶胶粒子数浓度的日变化、季节变化及其与气象要素的关系,还分析了 1997年5月16日、7月21日和8月2日收集的北京单个气溶胶粒子样品的形态、大小和化学元素组成.结果显示,北京地区春末-秋初整层大气气溶胶光学厚度在0.1～1.6之间变化;气溶胶数浓度(D>0.3μm)为几～几百个/cm3;整层大气气溶胶光学厚度的日变化型式与近地面气溶胶数浓度呈现相反的走向;气溶胶光学厚度和数浓度的日、季节变化显示了整层大气和近地面大气气溶胶与该地区气象、气候条件的关系.气溶胶数浓度与大气相对湿度呈正相关,与风向的关系是偏东风数浓度大,西、西南风数浓度小.电子显微镜分析的结果表明:颗粒物的形态以不规则形、丸形、液态滴形和方形为主;颗粒物化学元素组成有Si、K、S、Al、Mg、Ca、Fe等元素;人类活动排放的Zn、P、Ti、pb、Ba等元素也探测到;北京近地面粒子的一个显著特点是富含Ca和K元素,它们可能分别来自建筑粉尘和有机物的燃烧;给出了一个典型的碳黑粒子和一个粒子经过凝结过程的"卫星"滴环绕的矿物粒子的照片和元素谱图.     

中南半岛影响南海夏季风建立和维持的数值研究

利用美国大气研究中心研制的第三代公共气候模式(CCM3)模拟了中南半岛对南海夏季风的建立和维持的影响,数值试验结果表明,中南半岛对南海夏季风的建立和维持起了非常重要的作用.同时还就中南半岛影响南海夏季风建立和维持的机制进行了讨论.     

地图数据缩编更新中的道路自动选取研究

总结道路选取的研究现状,分析在道路的缩编更新过程中,道路要素选取需要考虑的要素指标.介绍一种道路选取方法,综合考虑道路的等级、长度、网眼面积、区域道路密度、是否是悬挂链等几何、语义和拓扑信息,模拟人类在缩编更新时的思维过程,实现道路的自动选取,并进行试验,验证方法的有效性.     

网格地理信息服务生命周期管理研究

为了实现网格地理信息服务系统中服务资源的高效享用和可控管理,研究网格地理信息服务生命周期管理问题.从服务资源自身的生命周期、服务资源在注册中心中的生命周期和服务资源在虚拟组织中的生命周期三方面出发研究服务资源的生命周期管理问题.最后研究基于盟主的虚拟组织生命周期管理问题.     

基于GM(1,1)灰色模型卫星钟差短期预报的精度分析

为了提高GPS快速单点定位的精度,必须及时获得高精度的精密星历.基于卫星钟差变化的灰色特性,建立GPS卫星钟差GM(1,1)灰色模型,对卫星钟差进行短期预报.计算结果表明,灰色模型GM(1,1)用于卫星钟差短期预报,只需要使用少数几个历元的已知卫星钟差进行建模,不仅减少建模数据量,提高建模速度,而且预报精度较高,可以满足GPS快速单点定位的实际需要;并对卫星搭载的原子钟精度进行分析,得出基于灰色模型GM(1,1)分析的Rb钟的精度和稳定性要优于Cs钟.     

南天山巴音布鲁克花岗岩岩体成因:锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及其地球化学证据

巴音布鲁克岩体为南天山北缘出露不多的代表性早古生代花岗岩体,由二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩构成,两类岩石均显示富集Rb、Ba、Th、K和Pb等LILE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSE的活动陆缘弧岩浆地球化学特征。其中,二长花岗岩相对低SiO_2和K_2O,略高CaO、Fe_2O_3T和MgO,具轻重稀土中等分馏、弱负Eu异常的稀土元素分布模式。钾长花岗岩明显高SiO_2,富K_2O,低CaO和MgO,强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,高DI指数(94.31~95.52)和高Rb/Sr比值,轻重稀土中等分馏,呈现出强负Eu异常的稀土分布模式,指示岩浆经历了较高程度演化。二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩分别获得464.5±3.5Ma和430.2±3.2 Ma的形成年龄,对应的锆石εHf(t)分别为-8.66~-6.56和-5.33~-2.19,Hf陆壳模式年龄TDMC分别为1.58~1.69Ga和1.33~1.49Ga,明显高于其形成年龄,表明岩浆主要源自中元古代基底陆壳物质的部分熔融。结合南天山北缘和中天山南缘类似的同期花岗岩的广泛出现认为,巴音布鲁克岩体中的二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩分别代表了南天山洋早期俯冲消减活动陆缘弧岩浆和晚期成熟岩浆演化的结果,表明其大洋俯冲消减作用一直持续到志留世仍未结束。     

Amphibolitization of metagabbros in the Scottish Highlands

Abstract Compositions of actinolite, hornblende and cummingtonite, together with pyroxene and plagioclase, are studied in basic intrusions in the Dalradian of north-east Scotland, and the Glen Scaddle complex in the West Moine. Amphibolitization is due to influx of water from the country rocks. Pyroxene compositions are found to have adjusted to the regional metamorphic environment. Owing to the difficulty of diffusion of Al and Si, calcic amphiboles are zoned and commonly contain quartz blebs. Discontinuities in zoning give rise to actinolite-hornblende pairs. Compared with north-east Scotland, disequilibrium is less strong in the Glen Scaddle area: in the latter, plagioclase compositions have been greatly changed, Na partition between hornblende and plagioclase is close to equilibrium, the maximum Al content of hornblende is lower and zoning patterns are more consistent. The Fe/Mg ratio in calcic amphiboles varies with Al content, while approaching equilibrium partition with other minerals. Both zoning patterns and Fe/Mg partition with cummingtonite suggest that Fe/Mg of the calcic amphiboles increases more strongly with increasing (Al^vi+Fe³⁺) than can be explained simply by substitution of Al,Fe³⁺ for Mg on M2. Model reactions for amphibole formation are constructed. Cummingtonite formed at lower chemical potential of CaO than actinolite: Ca was exchanged for Mg,Fe between orthopyroxene-derived and clinopyroxene-derived local systems. Both cummingtonite and actinolite were formed because of kinetic constraints, as intermediate reaction products: actinolite-hornblende pairs represent disequilibrium. This work suggests that many occurrences of actinolite with hornblende, where the minerals are zoned, may also be due to diffusion kinetics.     

P–T conditions for the Arendal granulites, southern Norway: implications for the roles of P, T and CO2 in deep crustal LILE-depletion

Abstract The orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene, garnet-orthopyroxene and garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometers, and the garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase, garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclase and anorthite-ferrosilite-grossular-almandine-quartz geobarometers are applied to metabasites and the garnetplagioclase-sillimanite-quartz geobarometer is applied to a metapelite from the Proterozoic Arendal granulite terrain, Bamble sector, Norway. P–T conditions of metamorphism were 7.3 ± 0.5 kbar and 800 ± 60°C.
This terrain shows a regional gradation from the amphibolite facies, into normal LILE content granulite facies rocks and finally strongly LILE deficient granulite facies gneisses. Neither P nor T vary significantly across the entire transition zone. The change in 'grade'parallels the increasing dominance of CO₂ over H₂O in the fluid phase.
LILE-depletion is not a pre-condition of granulite facies metamorphism: granulites may have either 'depleted'or 'normal'chemistries. The results presented herein show that LILE-deficiency in granulite facies orthogneisses is not necessarily related to variations in either P or T . The important mechanisms in the Arendal terrain were (a) direct synmetamorphic crystallization from magma, with primary LILE-poor mineralogies imposed by the prevailing fluid regime, and (b) metamorphic depletion, involving scavenging of LILEs during flushing by mantle-derived CO₂-rich fluids. The latter process is constrained by U–Pb and Rb–Sr isotopic work to have occurred no later than 50 Ma after intrusion of the acid-intermediate gneisses, and was probably associated with contemporary basic magmatism in a tectonic environment similar to a present day cordilleran continental margin.