客家文化景观基因特征 ——以湖南省炎陵县为例

以中国南方山丘区具有代表性的客家文化聚居区--炎陵县为例,采用客家文化景观基因的特征提取技术,从民居建筑、传统习俗、地方方言、宗法制度、民间信仰5个角度,提取了炎陵县客家文化景观基因的特征。研究结果表明：1）该县客家人以开放性“围堡式”的血缘宗族聚居模式,与畲、黎、瑶等少数民族通婚繁衍在山丘区的山谷地带;在“入乡随俗”谋求生存发展的环境中,某些方面已适应当地习俗,但仍保留了基本的客家精神及风俗;并以当地炎帝神农文化为主要文化参照,形成了独具炎陵县特色的客家文化。2）该县客家文化的景观基因在不同发生发展过程中有着衣、食、住、行、商等物质性方面的表达载体和地方语言、宗法制度、民间信仰、民情风俗、文化艺术等非物质性方面的表达形式。     

Time-domain identification of dynamic properties of layered soil by using extended Kalman filter and recorded seismic data

A novel time-domain identification technique is developed for the seismic response analysis of soil-structure interaction. A two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model with eight lumped parameters is adopted to model the frequency-dependent behavior of soils. For layered soil, the equivalent eight parameters of the 2DOF model arc identified by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method using recorded seismic data. The polynomial approximations for derivation of state estimators are applied in the EKF procedure. A realistic identification example is given for the layered-soil of a building site in Anchorage, Alaska in the United States. Results of the example demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed identification technique. The 2DOF soil model and the identification technique can be used for nonlinear response analysis of soil-structure interaction in the time-domain for layered of complex soil conditions. The identified parameters can be stored in a database for use in other similar soil conditions. If a universal database that covers information related to most soil conditions is developed in the future, engineers could conveniently perform time history analyses of soil-structural interaction.     

水力劈裂对岩体中自然裂纹的影响研究

建立了求解自然裂纹和水力裂纹扩展的扩展有限元法,对裂纹附近区域的节点采用广义形函数,并采用线增函数消除混合单元,以提高裂纹附近的精度。引入水力劈裂的非耦合模型,即假设裂纹中的水压力为均布力;用砂浆法（线段-线段接触法）结合增广型拉格朗日乘子法处理受压裂纹段的接触条件。并通过算例分析了以下内容：计算了受压裂纹和裂纹面分布均布水压力的水力裂纹的应力强度因子,并与解析解进行了比较,结果表明,提出的方法具有很高的精度;模拟了水力裂纹对自然裂纹面的影响,并分析了自然裂纹面上的接触力和接触状态。     

Review of the Kalman-type hydrological data assimilation

ABSTRACT

There is great potential in Data Assimilation (DA) for the purposes of uncertainty identification, reduction and real-time correction of hydrological models. This paper reviews the latest developments in Kalman filters (KFs), particularly the Extended KF (EKF) and the Ensemble KF (EnKF) in hydrological DA. The hydrological DA targets, methodologies and their applicability are examined. The recent applications of the EKF and EnKF in hydrological DA are summarized and assessed critically. Furthermore, this review highlights the existing challenges in the implementation of the EKF and EnKF, especially error determination and joint parameter estimation. A detailed review of these issues would benefit not only the Kalman-type DA but also provide an important reference to other hydrological DA types.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor F. Pappenberger     

非等间距无偏GM（1,1）模型在建筑沉降预测中的应用

将非等间距数列转化为等间距数列,并建立无偏GM（1,1）模型.通过对非等间距数列的处理,得到适合GM（1,1）建模的等时距数列,并在GM（1,1）模型的基础上,给出非等间距无偏GM（1,1）建模的具体步骤.从理论上证明无偏GM（1,1）能消除GM（1,1）模型的固有偏差,拓宽GM（1,1）的使用范围.最后将模型应用于实际建筑沉降预测中,研究结果表明非等间距无偏（1,1）模型精度高、实用性强.     

用水位恢复数据反演越流承压含水层参数

水文地质勘测中,由于水位恢复阶段没有人力和机械因素干扰,由测量数据可以画出平滑的曲线,更适宜于分析水文地质参数,但经典非稳定流Theis公式和Theis水位恢复法所依据的若干假设条件在实际中难以满足。针对越流承压含水层具有补给条件而很快稳定以及非稳定抽水阶段流量常“抖动”的特点,论证了利用稳定流量和Hantush-Jacob越流模型计算的可行性,并用扩展的卡尔曼滤波器反演水文地质参数,经文献中历史数据和实地抽水试验检验结果表明,由该方法反演的预测值和实测值吻合良好。     

扩展的证据理论在遥感影像围填海检测中的应用

针对全国海域使用情况的监测需求,本文应用扩展的证据理论进行围填海区域检测,预设类别空间为{围填海,海水}。实验结果显示基于扩展的证据理论不仅能够较准确地检测出围填海区域,而且将浅海中的水下沙脊或小岛划分为不确定的未知类别。说明扩展的证据理论能够更好地完成围填海的检测,体现了扩展的证据理论解决实际问题的能力,同时,也为全海域的围填海监测提供了新的思路和扩展空间。     

鄂尔多斯盆地浅层大位移水平井钻井液体系优选

针对鄂尔多斯盆地浅层水平井钻井过程中的井壁稳定、井眼清洁、润滑减阻和储层保护的技术难题,通过分析储层的地质特征,在该区原用聚合物钻井液基础上,选择性加入MC-VIS、ABSN、纳米乳液和复合屏蔽暂堵剂,形成纳米乳液封堵钻井液体系,在保证施工安全的前提下,可将岩心渗透率恢复提高至8350%。通过七平1井的应用表明,纳米乳液封堵钻井液体系能够满足低渗透油层大位移水平井的钻井施工需求,为高效开发鄂尔多斯盆地浅层油气藏提供技术支持。     

A Compact Explicit Difference Scheme of High Accuracy for Extended Boussinesq Equations

Presented here is a compact explicit difference scheme of high accuracy for solving the extended Boussinesq equations.For time discretization,a three-stage explicit Runge-Kutta method with TVD property is used at predicting stage,a cubic spline function is adopted at correcting stage,which made the time discretization accuracy up to fourth order;For spatial discretization,a three-point explicit compact difference scheme with arbitrary order accuracy is employed.The extended Boussinesq equations derived by Beji and Nadaoka are solved by the proposed scheme.The numerical results agree well with the experimental data.At the same time,the comparisons of the two numerical results between the present scheme and low accuracy difference method are made,which further show the necessity of using high accuracy scheme to solve the extended Boussinesq equations.As a valid sample,the wave propagation on the rectangular step is formulated by the present scheme,the modelled results are in better agreement with the experimental data than those of Kittitanasuan.     

大位移井的井壁稳定力学分析

从井壁稳定的力学机理出发,分析大位移井周的应力分布规律,建立大位移井井壁稳定的力学模型,并据此编制了Windows环境下的井壁稳定分析软件,形成一个方便工程问题分析的集成环境,利用该软件分析了影响井壁稳定性的因素,提出了大位移井钻井的最优井斜方位和安全泥浆密度的选择方法。