牙鲆嗅上皮超微结构研究

扫描电镜和透射电镜研究显示：牙鲆Ｐａｒａｌｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｓ嗅上皮的边缘为非感觉区，内侧为连续的感觉区，属嗅觉鱼类。非感觉区由表皮细胞、粘液细胞及基底细胞等组成，表皮细胞在游离面相互连接形成似指纹状的嵴的结构。感觉区由纤毛感觉细胞、微绒毛感觉细胞、纤毛非感觉细胞、支持细胞及基底细胞等组成。     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri) 消化盲囊的组织学和组织化学的研究

运用石蜡切片法、透射电镜技术及组织化学方法，对栉孔扇贝的消化盲囊进行了研究。结果表明消化盲囊的腺上皮由消化(吸收)细胞和分泌细胞组成，消化(吸收)细胞顶端有微绒毛，细胞内有酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脂酶和酯酶活性，还含有糖原和脂肪。是进行食物的细胞内消化和营养物质吸收的主要场所，并有储存能量的功能；分泌细胞内含粗面内质网、高尔基体和分泌颗粒，具有酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。并含有丰富的RNA和蛋白质，有分泌消化酶的功能；消化盲囊导管上皮细胞顶端有纤毛和微绒毛，细胞内有酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及脂酶活性，也能分泌消化酶。消化(吸收)细胞浅部的细胞质及其释放到盲囊腔中的胞质团中含铁；各部位不含钙。     

镉离子对鲫鱼肾细胞超微结构的影响

应用透射电镜的方法，研究了镉的三种浓度对鲫鱼肾细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明：镉离子染毒4天后，肾细胞超微结构即出现变化，且随着处理浓度的升高，变化渐趋明显，主要表现在细胞核和线粒体。细胞核核膜肿胀、弥散、最后解体。线粒体双层膜解体，形成空白区，嵴断裂、膨大和扭曲。此外，内质网膨胀、空泡化、扭曲打转，溶酶体数量和类型随镉处理浓度的升高而增多。     

Histopathological Observation of Lymphocystis Disease and Lymphocystis Disease Virus （LCDV） Detection in Cultured Diseased Sebastes schlegeli

Lymphocystis nodules occurring in the cultured sting fish Sebastes schlegeli were observed under light and electron microscope. Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in the tissues of diseased fish was detected with indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Results showed that lymphocystis cells had overly irregular nuclei, basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with virions budding from the surface, and hyaline capsules outside the cell membrane. Numerous virus particles about 200 nm in diameter scat- tered in the cytoplasm, electron-dense particles 70-80 nm in diameter filled in perinuclear cisterna, and membrane-enveloped parti- cles with electron-dense core of 70-80 nm appeared around cellular nucleus. IFAT using monoclonal antibody against LCDV from Paralichthys olivaceus revealed that specific green fluorescence was present in the cytoplasm of lymphocystis cells, epithelium of stomach, gill lamellae, and muscular fibers under epidermis of S. schlegeli, just as that in the cytoplasm of lymphocystis cells of P. olivaceus, suggesting the presence of LCDV in these tissues.     

彩虹明樱蛤精子的超微结构

应用电镜技术观察了彩虹明樱蛤精子的超微结构．彩虹明樱蛤精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段和尾部3部分．头部由顶体和细胞核组成,项体呈弯曲的倒“V”字型,顸体物质电子密度外侧高内侧低,顶体下腔无特殊结构,内含均匀的低电子密度物质．细胞核细长,螺旋状,形似螺丝钉,有一浅的核前窝,没有核后窝．中段由线粒体环绕中心粒复合体和精核而成,中段横切面可见4个线粒体,而纵切面看每侧有2—4个线粒体,因此精子中段有10个以上的线粒体．尾部细长,为典型的“9＋2”结构．     

Ultrastructure Developments During Spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata （Annelida： Spionidae）,a Parasite of Mollusca

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elon- gation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear con- densation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.     

Ultrastructure developments during spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata (Annelida: Spionidae), a parasite of mollusca

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.     

不同光质LED光源对黄瓜幼苗光合参数、水分利用效率和叶绿体超微结构的影响

采用发光二极管（LED）为光源,以白光作对照,研究了红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光对黄瓜品种“银胚99”幼苗叶片光合参数及水分利用效率的影响,并观察了叶绿体超微结构的变化。结果表明,蓝光和红蓝组合光均显著提高了叶片的净光合作用,在处理到第10天时,蓝光提高幅度最大,较白光高出27.29%;在处理到第20天时,红蓝组合光8R/2B提高叶片光合速率幅度最大,较白光高出56.94%。红蓝组合光处理下叶片的后期净光合速率下降较小,水分利用效率提高显著。与白光相比,红光处理对叶片净光合速率的影响不存在差异,且在处理第20天时叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率与第10天相比,有明显下降。叶片叶绿体超微结构显示,不同光质对黄瓜幼苗叶绿体发育有显著影响;白光不利于叶片叶绿体的成熟,红光造成叶片叶绿体淀粉粒过分积累,抑制了光合产物从叶片中的输出;红蓝组合光8R/2B和7R/3B处理则有利于叶绿体基质、基粒片层的形成和同化产物的输出。     

超低温保存后大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)精子的生理活性及其超微结构研究

采用计算机辅助分析和电子显微镜方法, 对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)精子生理活性(运动率、运动速度和寿命)和超微结构进行观察, 研究其精子经超低温保存后质量变化情况, 得到了新鲜精子的路径速度[(101.91±9.30)?m/s]、运动率(88.30%±2.62%)和寿命[(368.00±111.50)h], 以及冷冻精子的路径速度[(76.78±8.49)?m/s]、运动率(65.60%±4.76%)和寿命[(120.00±12.00)h]。结果表明, 新鲜精子的生理特性好于冷冻精子。同时通过电镜去进行超微结构分析, 发现大菱鲆精子经过超低温保存后, 40%—60%的精子基本保持正常的形态结构, 其余精子遭受不同程度的机械损伤。其中膜损伤为主要损伤, 损伤精子中60%—70%带有膜损伤。推测大菱鲆精子在冷冻解冻过程中遭受到的机械损伤可能是导致冻精生理活性显著下降的主要原因。     

栉江珧精子超微结构的电镜观察

为了给栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)受精机理提供细胞学依据,利用透射电镜对栉江珧精子的超微结构进行了详细观察。结果显示,栉江珧成熟精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段与尾部三部分。头部为卵圆形,由顶体和细胞核组成。顶体纵切面为倒“V”字形,顶体腔内电子密度不均匀,近顶体外膜有一电子密度较高的弧状带,其余部分电子密度较低。核内有高度浓缩的染色质,其中有不规则的电子密度较低的核泡存在。无核后窝,有核前窝和植入窝。中段由2个相互垂直的中心粒及周围5个呈辐射状排列的线粒体组成。线粒体近卵圆形,由内外膜组成。尾部鞭毛由轴丝和质膜组成。结果表明栉江珧精子超微结构与典型的双壳贝类精子结构类似,在一定程度上反映了栉江珧的生殖进化及受精机理。