The Gastric Shield and the Undrelying Epithelium of Chlamys Farreri:Morphological,Histological and Histochemical Characterizations

The gastric shield and underlying stomach epithelium of Chlymas ffarreri were examined at the light and ultrastructural levels.The results showed that the gastric shield consisted of two different size lobes joined together by a narrow middle piece,the thicker lobe was shaped like a funnel,but unclosed at the lateral side;the other lobe was irregularly triangular-shaped.The transverse section of the thicker lobe was obviously laminated and gradually decreased in thickness from the peak to the margins of the shield.The underlying epithelium bore numerous about 3μm diameter spherical processes formed by the apical plasmalemma of the epithelial cells becoming blunt pseudopodia.Microvilli and some interspersed cilia were present in the areas among the spherical processes regions where only microvilli existed.Rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi apparatus,different-sized electron-dense secretory granules and electron-lucent vacuoles as well las abundant mitochondria were present in the underlying epithelial cells.Fused droplets of the secretion from the underlying epithelial cells formed the gastric shield.     

皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)精子的超微结构

皱纹盘鲍（Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｈａｎｎａｉ）的精子属于“原始型”,由顶体（２．２μｍ×１．０μｍ）、细胞核（３．１μｍ×０．８３μｍ）、中段（０．７４μｍ×１．４μｍ）和鞭毛（５２μｍ×０．２２μｍ）组成。顶体弹头状,由两部分组成：（１）顶体的前端是一呈卵形的高电子密度的部分;（２）顶体的后端为一呈翼状的低电子密度的部分。细胞核呈长柱状。在顶体凹陷和细胞核凹陷之间为顶体下腔,内有微丝束结构。中段包括５或６个线粒体,一对中心粒及一些泡状结构。鞭毛为典型的“９＋２”结构。     

栉孔扇贝成熟卵形态与超微结构的研究

实验研究栉孔扇贝成熟卵的形态与超微结构。观察表明卵子表面呈蜂窝状,无卵极标志。受精前质膜形态模糊,属非典型单位膜。卵质内含有线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器,但缺乏中心粒复合体。皮层内含有皮层颗粒。卵黄形态不同,来源于多种细胞器。卵子的成熟核相为第一次成熟分裂中期。     

四种缘毛目纤毛虫的超微结构观察

为对相关研究提供基础性资料,应用透射电镜技术对4种缘毛目纤毛虫(双缘聚缩虫、羽状聚缩虫、共栖聚缩虫类似种和拟杯状伪钟虫)迄今不甚明了的部分超微结构进行了观察。结果表明：(1)在光镜下不同外观的表膜显示了基本相似的超微结构：均由3层单位膜(细胞膜和表膜泡内、外膜)构成,差别仅在于表膜泡的厚度有所不同。(2)大核均为致密性核。核内染色质呈团块状密集排布,核仁数目较少,为椭球状或球状;小核也为致密性结构,染色质呈不规则的凝聚态。(3)帚胚由双层的原生质膜和穿越双层膜并排列紧密的毛基体以及位于中心的肌丝组成。(4)柄内具众多均匀分布、平行于柄肌的微管;柄肌由双层膜包被,其内一侧为高度凝聚的肌丝,另一侧则分布有众多的线粒体。     

绿鳍马面鲀精子的超微结构

为探讨绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)精子的超微结构,作者应用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了其精子外部形态与各部位的横切结构。结果表明:绿鳍马面鲀精子由头部和尾部两部分组成。精子头部呈卵圆形,无顶体,头部主要结构是细胞核,染色质致密,核内存在少量染色质空隙,无液泡;核后端正中有凹入核内的植入窝,呈棒状,植入窝较深,最深处占细胞核纵长的5/6,最宽处在细胞核末端,约占头部宽度的1/3。中心粒复合体位于植入窝内,由近端中心粒、中心粒间体和基体组成,近端中心粒的长轴与基体的纵轴垂直,排列方式为"T"型;头部末端为袖套,内含5个或6个均匀分布的线粒体球和少量随机分布的囊泡。尾部细长,自基体向后伸出,尾部无侧鳍结构,其核心结构是轴丝,轴丝为典型的"9+2"微管复合体结构。揭示其精子的形态结构,以期丰富硬骨鱼类繁殖生理学内容,同时为鱼种鉴别提供依据。     

First record of Biecheleria cincta (Dinophyceae) from Chinese coasts, with morphological and molecular characterization of the strains

The presence of Biecheleria cincta (=Woloszynskia cincta) in the Chinese coasts is reported for the first time. In scanning electron microscope, three to five series of vesicles and an elongated apical vesicle (EAV) were visible in the epicone, and both the hypocone and the cingulum had three series of vesicles each. Thin sections revealed that B. cincta possesses stalked pyrenoids and an unusual eyespot consisting of a stack of cisternae with brick-like materials (type E), thus supporting its transfer from Woloszynskia to Biecheleria. Spiny cysts formed spontaneously in culture, with an encystment rate of around 20%. Both large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences in 12 strains from the Chinese coasts were determined. Phylogenetic analyses based on LSU rDNA and ITS sequences using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood revealed two distinct ribotypes (referred to as ribotype A and B) in B. cincta. ITS region pairwise distances within B. cincta ranged from 0.024 to 0.072, suggesting the existence of a complex of cryptic species.     

美国红鱼肾肿大症的组织病理和超微病理分析

采用组织学方法,获得患肾肿大症美国红鱼的心、脾、肾、肝、肠和鳃6种组织,利用组织切片以及超薄切片电镜技术对患病组织的病理变化进行了研究分析,探讨该病的致病机制。患病红鱼解剖后主要症状为:体表溃烂,部分病鱼鳍条上有肿块;病鱼肾脏显著肿大,体积甚至达到正常肾脏的1()倍;肝脏、脾脏及胆囊等也有肿大现象;有些病鱼脏器上有白色结节。组织病理显示:美国红鱼肾肿大症的主要表现为肾脏有典型的肉芽肿,大量炎性细胞浸润,肾小管管壁破裂、坏死;肝脏中肝实质有充血现象,实质细胞呈空泡变性;脾脏充血,现大量病变的红细胞,有脂肪样变。超徽病理显示:肾近曲小管上皮细胞凋亡现象严重,肾小管内刷状缘排列稀疏;肝细胞坏死严重,肝细胞界限模糊不清;脾脏组织脾窦扩张,有大量凋亡红细胞和淋巴细胞。实验结果表明:美国红鱼肾肿大症的组织细胞结构发生明显的病理变化,肾脏和肝脏等主要组织器官受到严重损伤病变,使鱼体不能进行正常的生命活动,最后导致死亡。     

锯缘青蟹大颚器的显微和超微结构

采用组织切片和电镜技术,对锯缘青蟹大颚器的形态结构进行了观察.大颚器位于大颚肌几丁质腱的后侧基部.腺细胞胞质丰盈,质膜大量内陷和作不同程度的卷绕,内含大量具管状脊的线粒体和滑面内质网.卵巢成熟时大颚器腺细胞内线粒体增多,少数线粒体形态异样,高尔基体易见,散布的小管状滑面内质网(tSER)少,高度汇合的tSER增多,大小形状不同的空泡数量明显增加,且近质膜分布,质膜内陷和卷绕程度加剧.表明此时锯缘青蟹大颚器的合成与分泌能力增强,其生理功能与卵巢发育密切相关.     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)淋巴组织培养 细胞中一种球形病毒的超微结构研究

运用电镜技术在中国对虾淋巴组织培养细胞中发现了一种球形病毒。病毒 粒子存在于细胞核和细胞浆内,平均直径80～110nm左右,具有囊膜,核心具有较高的电子密 度。在细胞核及细胞浆内均形成圆形或椭圆形的病毒包涵体。感染病毒的培养细胞出现增长 缓慢或停止生长的现象,部分细胞坏死;电镜下可以观察到一系列细胞病理变化。     

僧帽牡蛎二倍体和三倍体卵母细胞发育的超微结构比较

本文利用电子显微镜技术观察僧帽牡蛎二倍体和三倍体初级卵母细胞发育过程中细胞和细胞器的超微结构变化,结果表明：二倍体和三倍体卵母细胞发育差异明显。在卵黄形成期,二倍体卵母细胞呈椭圆形,细胞核呈伪足状突起,核仁呈颗粒状聚合体,细胞器多发达,合成卵黄粒我,细胞膜外有生绒毛,卵母细胞生物合成旺盛、代谢活动强;而三倍体卵母细胞大都呈不规则形状,该仁小、致密,细胞器少且不发达,卵黄粒少,细胞膜外无微绒毛,卵母细胞生物合成及代谢弱。