On the impact of temperature on tropospheric ozone concentration levels in urban environments

The influence of temperature on tropospheric ozone (O₃) concentrations in urban and photochemically polluted areas in the greater Athens region are investigated in the present study. Hourly values of the ambient air temperature used for studying the urban heat island effect in Athens were recorded at twenty-three experimental stations while ozone concentration values were measured at three of the above-mentioned stations and for a period of two years (1996–1997). The linear correlation between ozone concentration and air temperature values as well as the temporal variation of temperature and ozone concentration, for the above-mentioned experimental stations, were calculated and analysed. Moreover, a neural network approach was used for investigating the impact of temperature on the ozone concentration values over the greater Athens area. The neural network model used ambient air temperature as one of its input parameters and it was found that temperature is a predominant parameter, affecting considerably the ozone concentration values.     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE 2-D COUPLED STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC DYNAMICAL-RADIATIVE-CHEMICAL MODEL—PART Ⅲ:BUDGET OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE

On the basis of original 2-D coupled model,36 species and 83 reactions about NMHCs areadded.By using this model,the budgets of ozone,carbon monoxide and methane in thetroposphere are analyzed.The results show that the amount of ozone transported from thestratosphere to the troposphere is about 1340 Tg/a,its producing rate in troposphere is about 1190Tg/a and the amount of ozone cleared by the dry deposition in troposphere is 1700Tg/a.Introposphere,the ozone is mainly produced at lower level in middle latitudes of the NorthernHemisphere and at upper levels in tropics.     

2008-2012年拉萨地基与卫星臭氧总量观测比较

通过比较2008-2012年拉萨站地基观测臭氧总量与三种卫星反演产品, 评估地基和卫星观测臭氧总量数据的质量信息. 结果表明: 地基与卫星臭氧总量绝对差为-10~15 DU, 相对差为-4%~4%, 日尺度相对差呈随机分布特征; TOSOMI算法反演的SCIAMACHY臭氧总量更接近地基观测结果, DOAS算法反演OMI臭氧总量与地基观测结果差异最大. 地基与卫星臭氧总量标准差存在季节性变化, 夏季最大, 冬季最小; 云的影响会加剧地基与卫星臭氧总量差异, 以SCIAMACHY产品最为显著.     

测站气温与气压对GPS定位结果的影响

分别利用全球气压气温模型GPT和GPT2处理相同的连续观测站数据。对比两组测站位置估值（简称位置）发现,测站气压偏差所导致的先验天顶延迟偏差不能完全被延迟参数所吸收,导致测站垂向位置出现偏差,且偏差的大小与测站纬度及数据处理中所采用的数据权重有关。测站气温偏差对测站位置的影响可忽略不计,但GPS定位结果的内符合精度随着测站气温的升高而降低。     

FY-3气象卫星紫外臭氧总量探测仪辐亮度在轨定标与反演结果分析

FY-3气象卫星上搭载的紫外臭氧总量探测仪TOU是我国自主开发研制的首台用于全球臭氧总量定量测量的探测仪,自发射以来已成功在轨运行近两年.由于TOU发射前辐亮度定标存在偏差,为了得到高精度的产品,TOU必须进行在轨定标.本文介绍了基于辐射传输模式计算对TOU辐亮度进行在轨道定标的方法,定标过程中用于模拟辐亮度计算的臭氧总量由与TOU观测时刻相近的国外臭氧总量探测仪器MetOp/GOME-2提供.文章将在轨定标后TOU的反演结果与AURA/OMI以及地基的产品进行比较,结果表明,用辐射传输模式对TOU辐亮度进行在轨定标的方法是可行的,反演结果能够真实地反映臭氧的时空分布特性,在全球部分地基观测站所处的位置上对TOU, OMI以及地基的臭氧总量进行比较的结果表明,TOU与OMI的相对偏差均方根约为2.52%,TOU与地基以及OMI与地基观测结果之间的相对偏差均方根分别为4.45%和3.89%.     

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Anomalously low ozone of 1997 and 2011 Arctic spring: Monitoring results and analysis

Total ozone observations from the Total Ozone Unit （TOU） aboard the Chinese second generation polar orbiting mete- orological satellite, Fengyun-3/A （FY-3/A）, revealed that total column ozone over the Arctic declined rapidly from the beginning of March 2011. An extensive region of low column amount formed around mid March; monthly mean total column ozone in March 2011 was about 30% lower than the average observed during 1979-2010. Daily total column density of ozone near the center of low ozone area in mid March was less than 240 Dobson units, about half the total column ozone amount observed during the same period of the prior 10 years. We analyzed total column ozone data from different satellites during 1979-2011. Results show that the Arctic depletion of ozone in spring 2011 was initiated by the cold polar vortex in the lower stratosphere. The March mean total ozone over the Arctic has shown a decreasing trend over the past 32 years, and its variation is strongly correlated with the polar vortex. A similar low ozone process of spring 1997 was compared to that of 2011, but daily variations of total ozone in March over the Northern Hemisphere in 1997 and 2011 have different patterns.     

Study of ozone “weekend effect” in Shanghai

Analysis of observed ozone data in 2006 from five monitoring sites (Xujiahui, Chongming, Baoshan, Pudong, Jinshan) in Shanghai reveals that ozone (O_3) concentrations in Xujiahui are higher at week-ends than those on weekdays, despite the fact that emissions of ozone precursor substances, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lower at weekends than those on weekdays. The possible chemical cause of ozone "weekend effect" is that NO_2/NO ratio increases at weekends by 25.61% compared with those on weekdays. In addition, because of an average 12.13% reduction in NOx (NO NO_2) in the early morning (05:00-09:00) at weekends compared with that on weekdays, the ozone inhibition period ends 0.5 h earlier at weekends resulting in the longer duration of ozone accumulation and the higher ozone production rate. The rate of ozone production is a function of VOCs and NOx in the atmosphere. VOCs/NOx ratio in Xujiahui is 4.55 at weekends, and 4.37 on weekdays, belonging to the "NOx-limited". The increasing VOCs/NOx ratio at weekends leads to ozone enhancement from 73 ppbv to 80 ppbv, which are consistent with ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui. Furthermore, combining with MICAPS cloud amount data, the fact that ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui weakens gradually along with the increasing of cloud amount indicates that ozone photochemical production leads to ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui of Shanghai.