西太平洋暖池变异及其对西太平洋次表层海温场的影响

应用热带太平洋上层XBT温度资料,分析研究了西太平洋暖池区(0°～16°N,125°～145°E)上层海洋的变化特征以及与西太平洋次表层海温场之间的关系.研究表明,西太平洋暖池区的垂向温度存在显著的年际变化,尤其在次表层(120～200m)的变化最为明显.西太平洋暖池区的次表层冷暖信号明显早于西太平洋次表层的海温异常.分析发现,西太平洋暖池区的海温异常是导致整个西太平洋次表层海温场变异的关键区,当西太平洋暖池区的次表层冷暖信号加强时,3～4个月后西太平洋海温场出现大范围的冷暖异常.     

东太平洋地区DSDP573孔始新世末期的微玻璃陨石

通过研究 DSDP5 73孔的岩心样品 ,首次在该孔始新世与渐新世的界线地层含金属粘土层中发现了微玻璃陨石 ,且主要富集在其底部。一个样品 (5 g)中最多可达 12粒。这些微玻璃陨石主要呈球形、椭球形。用电子探针测试了其化学成分 ,Si O2 含量为 2 9.6 4%～ 5 8.93%,Al2 O3 为 3.42 %～ 2 0 .96 %,Fe O为 9.98%～ 2 9.5 5 %,Mg O为 4.32 %～ 16 .0 5 %,Ir为 0 .0 6 %～ 0 .81%。总体来说 ,微玻璃陨石的化学成分变化较大 ,可能与靶岩的成分变化较大有关。始新世末期北美微玻璃陨石场的展布方向约为 2 5 0°,这与太平洋板块运动方向改变所需要的矢量变化(2 45°)仅相差 5°,推测很可能是始新世末期陨星的撞击引起了太平洋板块在该时期的运动方向由 NNW突然变为NWW。     

Atmospheric input of trace elements to the western Pacific Ocean and the Kuroshio ocean area

ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｉｎｐｕｔｏｆｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｔｏｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎａｎｄｔｈｅＫｕｒｏｓｈｉｏｏｃｅａｎａｒｅａ￥ＱｉａｎＦｅｎｌａｎ；ＹｕＨｏｎｇｊｉａｎ；ＬａｎＹｏｕｃｈａｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＺｈｉ；Ｚｈｏｕ...     

富钴结壳分布的分形特征

利用我国在西太平洋国际海底两个海山获得的富钴结壳资料进行分形研究后发现，富钴结壳的分布具有变维分形分布的特点，结壳丰度呈二阶累计和分形分布，结壳厚度呈多阶不定累计和分形分布，通过计算得到了它们各自的分维数，进而对两个海山的结壳资源进行了初步评价。     

雄性三倍体长牡蛎繁殖潜力的初步研究

国内外很多人做过三倍体长牡砺的诱导工作，但在三倍体性腺发育及配子活力方面的研究，目前仅见Ａｌｌｅｎ等１９８６年和１９９０年对三倍体的海螂和长蛎异常配子的发生报道。Ｃｏｘ１９９６年研究了悉尼岩牡蛎三倍体性腺发育情况，姜卫国等对三倍体合浦珠母贝的生殖腺进行了观察，李霞［１］对三倍体长牡蛎的性腺发育做了较系统的分析和总结。作者用流式细胞仪对长牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｓｏｓｔｒｅａ　ｇｉｇａｓ二、三倍体的性腺细胞进行了初步分析，回答了三倍体长牡蛎生殖潜力及性比方面的一些问题，为进一步研究三倍体长牡蛎的生长、繁殖、杂…     

Excess CO2 and pHexcess in the Intermediate Water Layer of the Northwestern Pacific

Excess CO₂ and pH_excess showing an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon and a decrease in pH from the beginning of the industrial epoch (middle of the 19th century) until the present time have been calculated in the intermediate water layer of the northwestern Pacific and the Okhotsk Sea. It is concluded that: (1) The Kuril Basin (Okhotsk Sea) and the Bussol' Strait areas are characterized by the greatest concentrations of excess CO₂ at isopycnal surfaces due to the processes of formation and transformation of intermediate water mass. (2) The largest difference in excess CO₂ concentration between the Okhotsk Sea and the western subarctic Pacific (about 8 µmol/kg) is found at the = 27.0. (3) The difference in excess CO₂ between the western subarctic Pacific and subtropical regions is significant only in the upper part of the intermediate water layer ( = 26.7–27.0). (4) About 10% of the excess CO₂ accumulation in the subtropical north Pacific is determined by water exchange with the subarctic Pacific and the Okhotsk Sea.     

A Preliminary Study of Oceanic Bomb Radiocarbon Inventory in the North Pacific during the Last Two Decades

Radiocarbon and total carbonate data were obtained near the 1973 GEOSECS stations in the North Pacific along 30°N and along 175°E between 1993 and 1994. In these stations, we estimated radiocarbon originating from atomic bomb tests using tritium, trichlorofluoromethane and silicate contents. The average penetration depth of bomb radiocarbon during the two decades has deepened from 900 m to 1300 m. Bomb radiocarbon inventories above the average value for the whole North Pacific were found widely in the western subtropical region around 30°N both in the 1970s and 1990s, and its area in the 1990s was broader than that in the 1970s. In most of the North Pacific, while the bomb radiocarbon has decreased above 25.4, the bomb radiocarbon flux below 25.4 was over 1 × 10¹² atom m^-2yr^-1 in the subtropical region around 30°N. In the tropical area south of 20°N, the bomb radiocarbon inventory below 25.4 increased from zero to over 10 × 10¹² atom m^-2 during the last three decades. These distributions suggest that the bomb radiocarbon removed from the surface is currently accumulated with bomb ¹⁴C flux of over 1 × 10¹² atom m^-2yr^-1 below 25.4 in the subtropical region, mainly by advection from the higher latitude, and that part of the accumulated bomb ¹⁴C gradually spread southward with about 30 years.     

Management of the commons for biodiversity: lessons from the North Pacific

The North Pacific has the world's largest groundfish fisheries, with a value in excess of $1 billion annually. The North Pacific also is home to the largest population of Steller sea lions (SSL), an ancient species that is now endangered. Decline of the western stock of SSL in the 1970–1990s coincided with the US nationalization and exponential growth in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands groundfish fishery.The article treats five aspects of the competition between the fishery and protection of the endangered species. First, we analyze competition of interests in the use, management, and preservation of the North Pacific commons, including offshore and near-shore fisheries, environmental organizations, governments (federal, state, and local), and the scientific community. Second, the article compares and contrasts provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Magnuson–Stevens Act (as amended in 1996 by the Sustainable Fisheries Act).Third, we examine the regulatory environment with a focus on the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and its relationship to the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. We illustrate how NMFS establishes fishery management plans and the methods, such as crafting biological opinions and environmental-impact-statements, it uses to resolve conflicts. Fourth, we investigate how the dual pressures on the agency—to increase fisheries production for the benefit of the industry and to preserve endangered marine species—have affected its culture (behavioral norms and operational codes). Then, the article explains agency changes in terms of crises, competition among affected interests, and development of new scientific knowledge.The article concludes by drawing lessons from the SSL controversy in the North Pacific which may pertain to national and global biodiversity conflicts. These concern the role of law in biodiversity protection, the role of science, and agency capacity for change.     

郯庐断裂带及其周缘中新生代盆地发育特征

郯庐断裂带作为中国东部滨太平洋地区一条巨型走滑构造带，对其周缘中、新生代盆地的发育、演化起着重要的控制作用。随着太平洋板块俯冲方向从NNW向NW到NWW的变化，郯庐断裂带的活动方式逐步从中生代左行走滑-左行斜向滑动过渡到早第三纪以左行斜向-倾向滑动，晚第三纪-第四纪转为倾滑-右行斜向滑动-右行走滑。走滑活动经历了一个循序渐进的周期演变过程。随着郯庐断裂活动方式的演变，其周缘中、新生代盆地的发育逐渐向北迁移，其中南段周缘盆地主要为中生代盆地，中段周缘盆地主要为中、新生代叠加盆地，中北段周缘盆地主要为早第三纪盆地。每个盆地都经历了拉分(伸展)裂陷到挤压反转的演化过程。此外，在同一时期、同一区域剪切应力场作用下，不同区段因其走向变化导致局部应力场变化，在增压弯曲部位发生会聚、挤压、隆升；而释压拉张部位发生离散、伸展、沉降，从而盆地发育。