矿业开发环境地质链及其控制

从环境地质问题形成机制入手 ,研究矿业开发环境地质链的形成及结构 ,进而探讨矿业开发环境地质链时空特征以及环境地质链的控制思想和原则。最后以平顶山矿区矿业开发环境地质链控制为实例 ,阐述矿业开发环境地质链的控制方法和模型 ,在一定程度上为今后利用环境地质链控制的新方法和新思想解决矿山环境地质问题、实现矿业开发的可持续发展提供了理论和实践依据。     

微机地形数据采集系统的设计与实现

本文充分利用现有地图和航空象片资料,并借助于联机立体坐标量测仪、数字化桌(仪)和微机等设备,进行了地物、地貌的数据采集。文中叙述了地物、地貌既简单又实用的数据结构,解决了数据采集时的粗差检测、联机编辑和图形监视等难点,从而为数字测图系统提供了正确和完整的原始数据。     

A multiple distribution Markovian model for annual hydrologic time series

Nonlinear serial dependence and skewness of annual hydrologic time series {X _t } have been challenging the classical theory of Gaussian stochastic processes, particularly if the study of extremes (dry or wet years) is required as it is often the case. In this paper, a new and general model is proposed assuming that the geophysical system which is responsible forX _t can take different states and that this state process is modeled by a Markov chain. At each time,X _t is generated from a statistical distribution which depends on the state that has occurred. This model can preserve non-linear structures of serial dependence and it can produce a skewed marginal distribution ofX _t without any transformation. A successful application of this model to the study of annual rainfall at Fortaleza (Northeast of Brazil) is also presented.     

逆转录聚合酶链式反应中dsRNA模板的快速制备

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术检测草鱼出血病病毒。建立了一种快速、简易而可靠的ｄｓＲＮＡ模板的制备方法。应用该方法制备模板进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增，可以有效地检测出病鱼组织及病毒感染的培养细胞裂解液中的草鱼出血病病毒，且全过程只需３～４ｈ，大大缩短了检测时间     

Three-dimensional Motion of Multichain-Buoy Mooring System in shallow Water and Survival Conditions

An engineering numerical model for three-dimensional motion of multichain-buoy mooringsystem in shallow water and survival condition is given in this paper.Shooting-aim method is employedfor solving the dynamic equations of chain system in order to match the computation of buoy motion.Theresponses of buoy and chain have been computed for different wind-wave-current directions and differentrigidity of chain.The results show that the present numerical model is reasonable.     

油藏储层中不同赋存状态烃类地球化学特征:Ⅱ长链烷基苯--以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例

对鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田三叠系延长组六个油砂样品中游离烃、封闭烃、束缚烃的饱和烃馏分进行了GC-MS分析。样品中长链烷基苯在C₁₆-C₂₀范围内具有较明显的偶碳优势。研究表明:长链烷基苯的演化受成熟度的影响,表现为随着成熟度的增加,长链正构烷基苯的碳数分布前移,长链烷基苯异构体相对丰度减小;而正构烷基苯相对丰度有增加的趋势。长链烷基苯主要是细菌、藻类和高等植物类脂化合物中脂肪酸在粘土矿物催化下发生环化脱羧再芳构化或单环芳烃与脂肪酸烷基化反应形成的产物。已形成的长直链烷基苯通过β分裂、单分子均裂形成苯甲基、烯烃,苯甲基通过氢转移到长链烷基苯的α碳上,烯烃再与α碳结合形成带支链的烷基苯。长链烷基苯的检出进一步验证了当时沉积物处于较强还原环境。长链烷基苯在不同赋存状态烃的分布特征,可以应用于油气聚集时间和成藏差异的研究。     

方法—目的链理论在喀斯特旅游产品开发中的运用——以兴文石海洞乡地质公园为例

喀斯特旅游是一种传统的大众观光旅游项目,由于喀斯特旅游产品共性大,个性小,替代性强等特征,导致目前的喀斯特旅游开发难度较大。本文结合四川兴文石海洞乡地质公园旅游开发实例,打破传统喀斯特资源导向型旅游产品开发模式,运用消费者行为学中的方法— 目的链理论,从旅游消费者的角度出发, 分析旅游者与旅游产品的感知关系,提出“游客导向型”喀斯特旅游产品开发建议。      

海草床食物链有机碳传递过程的研究进展

海草床是重要的近海生态系统,生产力极高,可为海洋动物提供良好的栖息地和丰富的有机碳食源;人类活动引起近岸海域的富营养化,可能会改变海草床有机碳源组成和性质,进而影响植食动物和次级消费者的摄食过程及其食物链能量传递效率,从而影响海草床的生物资源产出功能。归纳总结了国内外海草床食物链碳传递过程各方面的研究进展,主要包括:①海草床有机碳源组成及食源贡献;②海草床初级消费者对有机碳源的摄食;③海草床食物网营养级结构及其能量传递;④富营养化对海草床有机碳源组分结构及其成分的影响;⑤海草床食物链能量传递效率对富营养化的响应。在此基础上,提出了未来的研究重点:①联合运用总有机物的稳定同位素比值法、脂肪酸标志法和特定化合物稳定同位素分析方法,加强定量研究海草床各有机碳源的贡献、食物网营养结构图谱、关键碳流途径及其季节性变化规律;探究关键消费者成体和幼体的有机碳源差异,弄清生长阶段的食性转化过程。②结合野外观测、原位围隔实验和室内模拟实验,深入探讨富营养化对海草床有机碳源组成(海草与附生藻类等)及其化学成分(营养质量和次生化合物)的影响,海草等初级生产者成分变化对植食动物和次级消费者摄食过程的影响,以及牧食食物链和碎屑食物链的组成和碳传递效率等的响应机制。     

Research Progress of the Transfer Process of Organic Carbon Through Food Chain in Seagrass Bed

Seagrass beds are highly productive coastal ecosystems, which provide good nursery habitat and abundant Organic Carbon Sources (OCS) as food for marine animals. Human activities have led to widespread eutrophication in coastal areas. Eutrophication may alter the composition and properties of OCS, thereby affecting the feeding process of herbivores and secondary consumer, and energy transfer efficiency in food chain. This may affect the production function of biological resource in seagrass beds. Based on the summary of the foreign and domestic researches, primary achievements were systematically reviewed in this paper in five aspects: the composition of OCS and their contribution, feeding process of herbivore, food web structure and energy transfer efficiency, and their responses to eutrophication. Future researches that should be emphasized were also prospected. With the combined application of stable isotope analysis for bulks and tissues, fatty acid biomarkers and compound-specific stable isotope analysis, the quantitative study of the contribution of OCS, food web structure, key carbon flow pathway and their seasonal change patterns should be enhanced. Meanwhile, the differences of OCS between larval and adult stages of key consumers will need to be further examined to clarify the transformation of their feeding habits. Through field investigation, in-situ mesocosm and laboratory simulation experiments, the effects of nutrient increase on the structure (seagrass and epiphyte, etc.) and chemical composition (nutritional quality and secondary compounds, etc.) of OCS, the response of feeding process of herbivore and secondary consumer to the alteration of chemical compounds in primary producers, and the response mechanism of carbon transfer efficiency of the grazing food chain and detritus food chain need to be further studied.