基于 SPOT-5影像的吴哥地区水体提取方法研究

对于一个较小研究区提取地物信息,需要更高的空间分辨率和适合的光谱信息。以柬埔寨吴哥窟西北部为研究对象,开展基于SPOT-5影像的水体信息提取方法研究。通过分析研究区内的地物光谱特征信息,发现各地物在绿色波段和短波红外波段虽然都有下降趋势,但是水体的变化程度最大。利用这个信息建立决策树的一种水体提取模型:Band3/Band41.73并且Band1Band4。通过与NDWI法、决策树模型提取精度进行对比,证明该模型提取精度有较大提高,可有效地消除水田对提取精度的影响。     

基于规则格网DEM自动提取地性线的一种简便方法

给出了一种基于规则格网ＤＥＭ自动提取地性线的简便方法,阐述了其具体实现过程,实验表明其不仅易于实现,而且还是一种基本上对大部分常规地形的ＤＥＭ均适用的方法。     

基于Contourlet变换的高空间分辨率遥感影像检索研究

本文在高空间分辨率遥感影像纹理特征提取研究中引入Contourlet变换,将不同尺度、不同方向子带系数矩阵的均值、方差和能量作为纹理特征,并为分类能力强的特征量赋予较大的权值,体现相应子带分类能力的差异性。以QuickBird影像为样本数据、采用五叉树分解策略的纹理检索实证研究表明,基于Contourlet变换提取高空间分辨率遥感影像纹理特征信息的效果优于Gabor小波变换。     

基于决策树的漓江上游土地覆盖分类

针对山区植被分类受地形复杂、植被类型多样、验证数据获取困难等因素限制基于多光谱数据的亚热带山区土地利用/覆盖分类存在困难,探究利用物候信息对亚热带山区植被实施分类的效果。综合运用归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化水指数(NDWI),同时考虑到海拔高度对植被类型的影响,建立决策树模型。该模型基于多时相Landsat TM影像,利用了不同地物类型的物候特征和光谱差异,将漓江上游地区分为8种土地覆盖类型。实验结果表明,分类结果总体精度达到86.40%,Kappa系数为0.83。     

西藏浪卡子地区树轮宽度特征值年表的建立

如何客观保留树轮序列的低频气候信息是树轮气候学研究的热点和难点问题.本文以西藏浪卡子地区大果圆柏(Sabina tibetic Kom.)的树轮宽度为资料,对新提出的特征值分析方法进行实例演示.通过构建不同树轮序列之间的协方差矩阵,计算其特征向量和特征值,并利用特征向量和主成分重建了特征值年表.将建立的特征值年表与传统的标准化年表(STD年表)和区域曲线标准化年表(RCS年表)进行比较,分析不同去趋势方法对树轮序列低频气候信息保留能力的差异.结果表明,相对STD年表,新建立的特征值年表与RCS年表能够较好地保留低频气候信息,显示了特征值分析方法在树轮气候学研究领域具有较高的应用潜力.     

基于决策树的天津地区冰雹天气雷达因子分析

利用决策树对天津地区2005—2014年4—9月间的25次有灾情资料的冰雹天气进行多普勒天气雷达因子识别,采用冰雹概率(POH)、强冰雹概率(POSH)、垂直液态含水量(VIL)、最大反射率因子(DBZM)、风暴质心高度(HT)、风暴顶高(TOP)等主要雷达识别指标,归纳出天津地区冰雹云雷达回波判识指标:(1)当DBZM≤54.5dBz,或者当DBZM54.5dBz但POSH≤35,单体不会降雹;(2)当DBZM54.5dBz且POSH35,则该单体将会降雹。与判别分析方法比较,基于决策树分析的识别降雹单体的成功率达90.2%,临界成功指数达78.3%,识别结果明显优于判别分析方法。     

一种自适应的两阶段R树批生成算法

介绍了一种新的R树批生成算法ATBL。本算法结合了自底向上的生成方式和以缓冲区树为基础的自顶向下方式的优点,通过对算法性能进行理论分析以及与其他多个算法进行比较研究,证明该算法在执行速度和所生成R树的查询性能方面都能达到令人满意的效果。     

Predicting wave run-up on rubble-mound structures using M5 model tree

Prediction of run-up level is a key task in design of the coastal structures. For the design of the crest level of coastal structures, the wave run-up level with a 2% exceedance probability, R_u2%, is most commonly used. In this study, the performance of M5 model tree for prediction of the wave run-up on rubble-mound structures was investigated. The main advantage of model trees, unlike the other soft computing tools, is their easier use and more importantly their understandable mathematical rules. Experimental data set of Van der Meer and Stam was used for developing model trees. The conventional governing parameters were selected as the input variables and the obtained results were compared with Van der Meer and Stam’s formula, recommended by the Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM, 2006). The predictive accuracy of the model tree approach was found to be superior to that of Van der Meer and Stam’s empirical formula. Furthermore, to judge the generalization capability of the model tree method, the model developed based on laboratory data set was validated with the prototype run-up measurements on the Zeebrugge breakwater, Belgium. Results show that the model tree is more accurate than empirical formulas and TS Fuzzy approach in estimating the full-scale run-up.     

Air-sea exchange of CO2 in the Gulf of Kutch,northern Arabian Sea based on bomb-carbon in corals and tree rings

Radiocarbon analyses were carried out in the annual bands of a 40 year old coral collected from the Gulf of Kutch (22.6°N, 70°E) in the northern Arabian Sea and in the annual rings of a teak tree from Thane (19°14′N, 73°24′E) near Bombay. These measurements were made in order to obtain the rates of air-sea exchange of CO₂ and the advective mixing of water in the Gulf of Kutch. The Δ¹⁴C peak in the Thane tree occurs in the year 1964, with a value of ∼630‰, significantly lower than that of the mean atmospheric Δ¹⁴C of the northern hemisphere (∼ 1000‰). The radiocarbon time series of the coral was modelled considering the supply of carbon and radiocarbon to the gulf through air-sea exchange and advective water transport from the open Arabian Sea. A reasonable fit for the coral data was obtained with an air-sea CO₂ exchange rate of 11–12 mol m⁻² yr⁻¹, and an advective velocity of 28 m yr⁻¹ between the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Kutch; this was based on a model generated time series for radiocarbon in the Arabian Sea. The deduced velocity (∼ 28 m yr⁻¹) of the advective transport of water between the gulf and the Arabian Sea is much lower than the surface tidal current velocity in this region, but can be understood in terms of net fluxes of carbon and radiocarbon to the gulf to match the observed coral Δ¹⁴C time series.     

一种基于时态树结构的时空数据的动态可视化方法

本文通过设计一种时态树结构,运用多时态矢量空间数据动态关联算法建立地理实体变更的历史亲缘继承关系,作为时空对象动态可视化的时态版本数据源;基于时态树结构,设计并实现了动态形变图和动态专题图等动态可视化表达方法。