南极 GRV 021788橄辉无球粒陨石的岩石学和矿物学特征

橄辉无球粒陨石是一类特殊的无球粒陨石,既具有高度分异的火成特征,又具有原始球粒陨石的特征。南极格罗夫山GRV021788陨石由橄榄石、辉石以及少量的富碳基质、不透明矿物组成,具有橄辉无球粒陨石典型的岩相学和矿物学特征,包括橄榄石晶体三线共点的接触和富镁还原边等。GRV021788的主要矿物的化学成分为:橄榄石Fa23.2～Fa1.5,易变辉石Fs21.2Wo10.6～Fs18.7Wo10.7。橄榄石颗粒有明显的反环带结构,而易变辉石的反环带则不明显。黑色填隙基质富碳,含金刚石和石墨。岩石学和矿物化学特征表明GRV021788是一橄辉无球粒陨石,属单矿(monomict)Ⅰ类(Fa23.2～Fs20.4)橄辉无球粒陨石。陨石的形成机制与多阶段部分熔融-堆积模式较为一致。     

社会关系嵌入与产业转移的区位选择——宁波服装业案例研究

从企业社会关系网络嵌入的视角,以宁波服装企业和机构为访谈调研对象,追寻众多宁波服装企业早期发展的历史,研究上海与宁波两地基于历史原因形成的社会关系嵌入——"红帮师傅"对上海服装业转移中区位选择的影响。研究发现,上海国有服装企业中宁波籍"红帮师傅",是理解上海服装企业在向外转移加工业务的过程中为何选择宁波服装企业的关键因素。在宁波服装业的早期发展阶段,"红帮师傅"充当了宁波服装企业与上海服装企业建立业务联系的桥梁,不仅将自己所在服装企业的加工业务介绍给宁波的服装企业,还利用自己的社会网络,将上海其它服装企业引荐给宁波服装企业,使宁波服装企业从上海获得了大量的加工业务。另外,"红帮师傅"还亲自或引荐其它服装技师为宁波的服装企业提供必要的技术指导。对理解非经济因素对产业转移区位选择的影响提供了一个有意义的实证案例,为欠发达地区吸引发达地区的产业转移提供了一种新的思路。     

Expression of Mammalian Metallothionein-I Gene in Cyanobacteria to Enhance Heavy Metal Resistance

Metallothionein (MT) from mammals is a low molecular weight (about 6–7 KD), and cystein-rich (20 cystein per molecular) protein (Vallee, 1991). So MT has the strong binding ability of metal such as Cd, Hg and Pd. Wild-typed cyanobacteria have their own metallothionein-like proteins, which are of low cysteine content and have weak ability to bind heavy metal. Therefore, it is imperative to transfer the MT-I gene from mammal into cyanobacteria cell for the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in aqueous system including marine and lake ( Misra and Gedamu, 1989). We inserted the MT-I cDNA gene after the strong promoter PpsbA or Psmt into the intermediary vector pRL-439, and then pRL-MT was ligated with shuttle vector pKT-210 (a shuttle vector pDC-08 was used at an earlier time) to construct the shuttle expression vector pKT-MT. (The MT-I mutant -KKS- also was selected as aim gene.) Then the constructed vector was introduced into cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 with triparental conjunctive transfer (Bryant, 1994). The expression efficiency is about 1%. We also used homologous recombination vector pTZ18-8 to introduce MT-I cDNA into chromosomes in cyanobacteria and got higher expression efficiency. Metal tolerance tests show that the transgenic cyanobacteria acquire metal resistance up to 60 μmol/g CdCl₂ and expression efficiency up to 1045 μg MT/g fresh cells according to the data of ELISA.     

深基坑开挖对坑内基桩受力特性的影响分析

基坑开挖对基桩产生一定的侧摩阻力,如果处理不当,将危及地下结构与基桩的安全使用,同时也给基桩承载力与刚度的确定带来困难。根据应力路径与应力水平对土体刚度的影响,建立了受深基坑开挖影响的桩土界面荷载传递模型,通过应力路径试验确定了界面摩擦特性参数。对不同开挖深度的影响分析,得出了基坑开挖对桩周侧摩阻力的分布、基桩刚度与承载力的影响。分析结果表明,采用覆土条件下的基桩承载力与刚度值是偏于不安全的。     

Cs2NaMF6(M＝Al,Ga):Cr3+ 络合分子体系局域结构和基态分裂的理论研究

采用双自旋轨道耦合系数模型并结合完全能量矩阵的方法对Cs₂NaMF₆(M=Al, Ga):Cr³⁺ 体系中Cr³⁺ 离子的基态分裂和局域结构进行了研究.通过模拟光谱和EPR谱确定了Cr³⁺ 取代 M³⁺ 形成的两种占位结构的畸变角,发现用双自旋轨道耦合系数模型与单自旋轨道耦合系数模型计算出的畸变角Δθ存在较大的差异.这表     

三维坐标转换严密方法的研究及VB程序实现

传统的基于泰勒级数展开的线性模型转换方法仅适用于小角度的空间直角坐标转换,角度较大时产生误差较大,需要进行复杂的三角函数和迭代计算,增加了数据处理的难度。而基于Rodrigo矩阵的方法不需要复杂的三角函数计算和迭代计算,且计算速度快,易于程序实现。实验表明,采用Rodrigo矩阵是进行三维坐标转换的一种比较严密简便的方法。     

面向对象遥感图像处理方法在建筑物震害评估中的应用研究

以汶川地震中的都江堰地区震后遥感图像为例,研究分析了图像分割技术及模糊分类技术,在此基础上,用分类精度更高的单尺度、多特征的面向对象图像处理方法进行建筑物震害评估。重点探索了混淆矩阵在震害评估中的应用,通过Kappa统计值进行震害分类结果的比对与精度评价,并验证该分类方法的稳定性。研究结果表明：改进后的面向对象图像处理方法简单、快速且精度较高,具有良好的适用性和稳定性。     

煤层气测井资料解释初探

探讨了用于煤层气测井资料解释的煤层气储层的组成模型。煤层气储层具有双重孔隙结构,因此它可以分成裂隙和含微孔隙的基质两部分。就煤层气储层的组成成分而言,它由有机质、矿物质、水和气四个部分组成。从此组成模型出发,用以“岩心刻度测井”为主的解释方法,对煤层气储层的灰分、含气量和渗透率等储层参数进行了实测解释分析。     

二流—四流球谐函数谱展开累加辐射传输方案在全球气候模式中的应用

本文首先构建了二流—四流球谐函数谱展开累加辐射传输的新方案,然后将其应用于国家气候中心第二代大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.0.1的新版本中,并与模式中原有的Eddington累加方案进行了比较。由于新方案本质上是单层Eddington近似方案在四流上的推广。因此新方案在计算精度上要优于原方案。通过在全球气候模式中的应用与比较,本文发现新方案对气候模拟会产生比较大的影响。在晴空条件下,新方案计算的在南纬30°到60°区间、北大西洋东北部以及非洲北部的撒哈拉沙漠区域的地表向下年平均短波辐射通量要小于原方案结果,最大差别可以达到3.5 W/m2;同时,新方案计算的在南纬30°到60°区间和北大西洋东北部的大气顶向上年平均短波辐射通量要大于原方案结果,最大差别达到3 W/m2。在有云大气情况下,新方案计算的地表向下年平均短波辐射通量要小于原方案结果,并随着纬度的增加,新旧两种方案的差别逐渐变大,在南北极时达到最大5.5 W/m2;同时,新方案计算的在赤道区域的大气顶的年平均短波向上辐射通量要小于原方案结果,最大差别为2.5 W/m2,而在南北纬30°到60°区间,新方案计算的在大气顶的年平均短波向上辐射通量则要大于原方案结果,最大差别为1.5 W/m2。新方案计算的年平均短波加热率普遍高于原方案结果,特别是在800 hPa到地表之间的低层大气以及50 hPa到100 hPa的高层大气,最大差别可达0.03 K/d。因此,新方案有助于改善全球气候模式中普遍存在的赤道平流层中下层的温度冷偏差现象。     

Dynamics Analysis of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,North of the South China Sea

The Baiyun sag is a deep one developing on the slope of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. It occurs as a composite graben horizontally, and is composed of two sub-sags versus one low uplift. Vertically, the sedimentary architecture could be divided into three layers, i.e. the faulted layer on the bottom, the faulted-ductile stretching layer in the middle and the draping layer on the top. The main rifting stage of the sag is supposed to be characterized by ductile extension and thinning of the crust. The special deformation pattern is probably attributed to the fact that the Baiyun sag is located in the transfer zone of the pre-existing weak zone, which made the sag a strongly deformed area, characterized by the greatly thinned lithosphere and active magmatism. The highly rising mantle under the Baiyun sag should be an important mechanism responsible for the ductile deformation, which caused partial melting of the upper mantle. Upweiling to the upper crust and the sedimentary layers, the partial melting materials accommodated extensional strain and caused non-faulted vertical subsidence. Magma was collected under the transfer zone after the first stage of rifting, and transferred laterally in a direction perpendicular to the extension to the ENE and WSW parts of the sag and upwelled along the NW-trending basal faults, where WNW-trending shear faults developed in swarms. The faulting activity and sedimentation history of the Baiyun sag may have been affected by the ocean ridge jump around 24 Ma and the cessation of sea floor spreading around 16 Ma.