电感耦合等离子体质谱测定海水中的锂、铷、硼、锶

测定海水中的Li、Rb、B、Sr 不需要像痕量元素一样采用复杂的分离富集方法, 去除基体元素,富集目标元素, 而是直接将海水稀释50 倍, 优化电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)参数, 提高测试灵敏度后, 在线加入内标Re 上机测试, Li、Rb、B、Sr 的方法检测限(3σ)分别为0. 75, 0.25, 14.0 和0.10 μg/L。连续测试10 次海水样品, 计算相对标准偏差(RSD), Li 为1.47%, B 为3.13%, Rb 为2.05%, Sr 为2.01%;并进行加标回收率实验, 回收率在96.5%～105%之间。结果表明, 该操作简单, 测定速度快, 数据稳定,可靠, 满足海水中这4 种元素的测试要求。测定了大西洋底层海水(距离海底200 m)中这4 种元素, 数据偏差小于2.65%, 低于方法测试标准偏差, 该层位水体稳定, 无变化。     

黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺重金属含量与生物质量评价

泥螺(Bullacta exarata)作为黄河三角洲区域成功引入的滩涂养殖种类, 为当地获得了巨大的经济效益, 但对其生态影响还了解不多。为了解该区域泥螺体内重金属含量并评价其生物质量, 于2012年8月对该区域进行泥螺和沉积物样品采集调查和分析。采用富集系数K、残留量指数I以及金属污染指数I_MP进行分析。结果表明, 黄河三角洲沉积物及泥螺体内6种重金属含量均相对较低, 多数符合国家海洋沉积物质量标准第一类。泥螺对不同重金属的富集系数K有明显差别, 其中对Cu 和Cd 的富集能力最强。残留量指数I富集系数K及金属污染指数I_MP均表明, 黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺对重金属的富集程度均较低, 说明该海域泥螺未受到重金属离子的污染。根据国家生物质量标准分析, 黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺的生物质量总体较好, 生物体内重金属含量总体上与海水中重金属含量无显著的相关性。     

Coastal Pollution Mitigation with Lime and Zero Valent Iron

The Taiwan Strait region has many miles of coastline, and the Taiwan Straits Tunnel (TST) project faces many potential pollution problems as construction proceeds through sensitive areas. Conventional approaches for pollution mitigation require further examination. The recent development of nanoscale particle technology has shown distinct advantages for contaminant attenuation and ground improvement. This paper is focused on trace metals and is part of the overall effort to develop the nanoscale particle technology. Trace metals in ground and surface waters represent a continued threat to human and ecological health. One of the difficulties in removing toxic concentrations of trace metals from solution is the variable oxidation state and amphoteric nature of multiple constituents. In particular, while cationic metals (e.g., Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺) may be rendered less mobile under high pH conditions, anionic metals (e.g., AsO₄ ^3?, CrO₄ ^2?, SeO₄ ^2?)may become more mobile. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sorption of both cationic and anionic trace elements, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) under batch conditions. Mixtures of a local residual soil were tested alone and in combination with lime and zero valent iron. It was hypothesized that lime would raise the pH and precipitate positively charged metals while zero valent iron would create reducing conditions favorable to the immobilization of negatively charged metals. Results indicate that the use of lime and/or zero valent iron can increase the sorption capacity of soil. Compared to the baseline soil, sorption capacity increased with addition of lime for arsenic and cadmium while it decreased for chromium and selenium. In the case of zero valent iron addition, sorption capacity increased for cadmium, chromium and selenium, while showing no change for arsenic. When both lime and zero valent iron were used, the sorption capacity increased for all metals tested. These results suggest that the combined use of lime and zero valent iron may serve as an alternative treatment technology for removing trace metals from contaminated water systems.     

内蒙古宝日拉锦乌拉钠闪石花岗岩特征

宝日拉锦乌拉钠闪石花岗岩岩体位于大兴安岭中段东坡,形成于早白垩世晚期或更晚些.钠闪石花岗岩富SiO₂（含量为71.63%~77.35%）,富碱（ALK=4.94%~9.17%）,贫铝、镁、钙.钠闪石花岗岩的稀土元素总量极高,其中钠闪石钾长花岗岩的稀土总量在271.77×10^-6~701.77×10^-6之间,而钠闪石二长花岗岩中的稀土元素总量在2938×10^-6~6933.2×10^-6之间.轻、重稀土元素比值在1.63~7.49之间,大部分在2~5之间,稀土配分曲线为略呈右倾的“V”字形,说明轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度较差.δEu值极低,在0.016~0.035之间,说明该岩石的Eu负异常极为明显.研究区出露的钠闪石花岗岩形成于板块内部非造山的相对稳定的构造环境.     

Determination of dispersive phase velocities by complex seismic trace analysis of surface waves (CASW)

A method for deriving experimental dispersion curves of surface waves from active source recordings is presented. The method is based on the complex seismic trace analysis of surface waves (CASW) and is applicable when only two receivers are available.     

江西会昌锡坑迳斑岩型锡矿床成矿系统发育特征与找矿模型

锡坑迳矿田位于南岭成矿带东段与武夷山成矿带交会部位,以早白垩世连续的岩浆喷发-侵入活动与多类型锡多金属成矿作用为特色。矿田内围绕似斑状花岗岩和花岗斑岩发育了岩背斑岩型、淘锡坝和矿背隐爆层间裂隙带型、苦竹岽和凤凰岽云英岩-破碎带蚀变岩型等大中型锡矿床。这些矿床的矿化-蚀变特征可与玻利维亚锡矿带、银岩、维拉斯托和洋滨等国内外斑岩型锡矿床类比,又独具特色,是研究斑岩型锡成矿系统发育特征与找矿模型的理想区域。文章在详细的野外地质调查基础上,系统总结了锡坑迳矿田内各类锡多金属矿化组合特征和蚀变结构,并对岩背矿床和淘锡坝矿床锡石开展了电子探针和LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析。研究结果显示,所有锡石样品均具有La、Pr、Gd和Tb的正异常、Ce与Eu的负异常、明显的Zr/Hf分馏和不规则的稀土元素配分模式,指示成矿热液早期阶段及锡石沉淀阶段经历了流体不相容。岩背锡石较淘锡坝锡石具有高的Ti/Zr和Ti/Sc比值,指示其更为靠近矿化中心。笔者研究认为,锡坑迳斑岩型锡成矿系统矿化类型包括细脉状、浸染状和细网脉状,围岩蚀变由早到晚、由成矿中心向外依次发育黄玉石英带、绿泥石-黄玉石英岩化带、绿泥石-绢云母化带和黏土化-碳酸盐化带。与斑岩型铜钼成矿系统相比,其成矿岩浆岩不仅有花岗斑岩,还有似斑状黑云母花岗岩,矿体在斑岩、花岗岩及上覆火山岩中均有赋存。相较于玻利维亚斑岩型锡成矿带发育的大面积石英-电气石化,锡坑迳斑岩成矿系统更富F,蚀变矿物中出现了大量黄玉、萤石和白云母等。对比国内外典型锡矿床的矿化-蚀变结构和锡石矿物学特征,文章建立了锡坑迳式斑岩型锡成矿系统的找矿模型。     

稀土元素地球化学分析在地质学中的意义

稀土元素在地质学中具有重要的示踪意义,通过对稀土元素的地球化学特征进行研究,可以很好地解释一些地质现象,揭示矿物甚至矿床的成因,指导找矿,为地质学的发展提供有力的技术支撑.     

四川前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组物源区分析及其地质意义

为了深入认识四川前陆盆地须家河组沉积物源方向及物源区构造背景,对该盆地次级构造单元内须家河组砂岩碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组合特征、稀土元素和微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,盆地中的碎屑物源主要来自再旋回造山带,部分可能来自造山之前的混合区,不同的构造单元和层位存在不同物源区的特点：川西坳陷物源主要受龙门山逆冲推覆带控制;川东北坳陷物源主要受米仓山-大巴山逆冲推覆带控制;川东南坳陷物源受雪峰古陆控制,而川中古隆起物源则主要来自南部峨眉瓦山古陆。物源区具有大陆边缘向大陆岛弧转化的构造演化特点,须四期龙门山的逆冲推覆活动明显强于须二期。     

A New Interlaboratory Characterisation of Silicon,Rare Earth Elements and Twenty‐Two Other Trace Element Concentrations in the Natural River Water Certified Reference Material SLRS‐6 (NRC‐CNRC)

The natural river water reference material SLRS‐6 (NRC‐CNRC) is the newest batch of a quality control material routinely used in many international environmental laboratories. This work presents a nine‐laboratory compilation of measurements of major and trace element concentrations and their related uncertainties, unavailable in the NRC‐CNRC certificate (B, Cs, Li, Ga, Ge, Hf, Nb, P, Rb, Rh, Re, S, Sc, Se, Si, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, W, Y, Y, Zr and REEs). Measurements were mostly made using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The results are compared with equivalent data for the last batch of the material, SLRS‐5, measured simultaneously with SLRS‐6 in this study. In general, very low concentrations, close to the quantification limits, were found in the new batch. The Sr isotopic ratio is also reported.     

北祁连造山带东端早古生代岩浆作用过程——来自甘肃天水长沟河闪长质片麻岩锆石年龄、微量元素及Hf同位素的证据

甘肃天水地区长沟河闪长岩位于北祁连造山带东端,发育片麻状构造面理,长期以来被认为是形成于前寒武纪的侵入岩体。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得2组岩浆锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为463.3±2.3Ma(MSWD=0.52,n=11)和443.8±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.44,n=9)。锆石微量元素分析表明,2组年龄具有一致的微量元素组成,说明二者晶出于同源封闭的岩浆体系。t-Eu/Eu~*投图显示,约460Ma的岩浆锆石无Eu异常,与幔源岩浆锆石稀土元素特征一致。而约440Ma的岩浆锆石具有负Eu异常,指示母岩开始发生斜长石的结晶分离,与深熔作用过程一致。因此,约460Ma为长沟河闪长质片麻岩原岩的形成年龄,约440Ma为长沟河闪长质片麻岩深熔岩浆的结晶年龄。Hf同位素分析测试结果显示,约460Ma和约440Ma两组锆石的εHf(t)值分别为8.23～11.57和6.36～8.03,指示460Ma发育幔源新生地壳岩浆作用,而440Ma壳源再造活动增强。