A Holocene record of climate change,fire ecology and human activity from montane Flat Top Bog,Maui

A sediment core from a high-elevation bog on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands contains evidence for drier conditions between 9.4–5.8 kyr BP, followed by a wetter interval between 5.8–2.2 kyr BP, and a variable late Holocene. These precipitation changes may be a reflection of vertical displacements of the upper boundary of the mid-Pacific Trade Wind Inversion (TWI) cloud layer. Fires, probably volcanically ignited, occurred in the forests prior to human arrival. Polynesian activity in this high-elevation, remote site was apparently limited, with no pollen, charcoal, or sedimentological evidence for local anthropogenic disturbance. After European contact, grass fires increased and introduced plant species invaded the site. Values for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediments throughout the Holocene indicate low trace-metal deposition from atmospheric particulates at the site, even in the twentieth century.This paper is one of a series of papers guest edited by Dr. Mark Brenner on tropical paleolimnology     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铀矿石尾渣标准物质中9种痕量元素

样品经ＨＦ－ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４分解，在２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３介质中，采用感耦等离子体光电直读光谱法对铀矿石尾标准物质中的Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ等和Ｓｎ进行定值分析。同一样品平行测定６次，其各元素的相对标准偏差在２％－１０％。分析结果均落在标准值的置信区间。     

石墨炉塞曼原子吸收光谱法测定硅酸盐中微量砷

本法采用氯酸钾-王水分解样品,选用硝酸镍作基体改进剂,提高了灰化温度。使用石墨杯原子化器,Zeeman效应扣除背景,实现了用石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定硅酸盐中微量砷。快速、简便,其绝对灵敏度达5.7×10~(-11)(g/l％),变动系数小于8％。     

岩浆分离结晶作用过程微量元素反演

介绍岩浆分离结晶作用中微量元素系统反演的基本原理和方法,反演计算中极小化问题的求解,反演所需要的优选模式参数估计方法,进行反演的计算机程序,利用模拟数据和实测数据检验了方法和程序的有效性.     

喀拉通克含矿岩体的微量元素与成岩构造环境

拉通克岩浆型硫化铜镍矿床产于新疆北准噶尔褶皱带，含矿岩体具有低ＴｉＯ２，高Ｋ２Ｏ，轻稀土富集以及亏损高场强元素的特征，与岛弧钙碱性玄武岩浆的微量元素特征相似，岩浆作用产生在西伯利亚板块和准噶尔板块碰撞后开始拉张环境，继承了岛弧岩浆作用的特征。     

山东归来庄金矿区g(Au/Ag)的空间信息统计学特征

空间信息统计学是一门集数学、空间信息科学及计算机技术于一体,在时空域内对区域化变量的随机性与结构性进行定量研究的技术。以山东归来庄金矿床为例,对其g(AuAg)异常进行空间信息统计学研究。利用指示克立格法研究g(AuAg)的空间变异结构特征,建立空间结构模型。在对结构模型和估计方案进行交叉验证后,对g(AuAg)的空间分布进行估计。根据g(AuAg)的空间分布规律,探讨其与Au空间分布的关系,并对今后该区的找金工作提出建议。     

Measurements of Trace Gases in the Inflow of South China Sea Background Air and Outflow of Regional Pollution at Tai O, Southern China

We present a 16-month record of ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), total reactive nitrogen (NO_y), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH₄), C₂ – C₈ non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C₁ – C₂ halocarbons, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) measured at a southern China coastal site. The study aimed to establish/update seasonal profiles of chemically active trace gases and pollution tracers in subtropical Asia and to characterize the composition of the `background' atmosphere over the South China Sea (SCS) and of pollution outflow from the industrialized Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and southern China. Most of the measured trace gases of anthropogenic origin exhibited a winter maximum and a summer minimum, while O₃ showed a maximum in autumn which is in contrast to the seasonal behavior of O₃ in rural eastern China and in many mid-latitude remote locations in the western Pacific. The data were segregated into two groups representing the SCS background air and the outflow of regional continental pollution (PRD plus southern China), based on CO mixing ratios and meteorological conditions. NMHCs and halocarbon data were further analyzed to examine the relationships between their variability and atmospheric lifetime and to elucidate the extent of atmospheric processing in the sampled air parcels. The trace gas variability (S) versus lifetime (τ) relationship, defined by the power law, S_lnx = Aτ^{− b}, (where X is the trace gas mixing ratio) gives a fit parameter A of 1.39 and exponent b of 0.42 for SCS air, and A of 2.86 and b of 0.31 for the regional continental air masses. An examination of ln[n-butane]/ln[ethane] versus ln[propane]/ln[ethane] indicates that their relative abundance was dominated by mixing as opposed to photochemistry in both SCS and regional outflow air masses. The very low ratios of ethyne/CO, propane/ethane and toluene/benzene suggest that the SCS air mass has undergone intense atmospheric processing since these gases were released into the atmosphere. Compared to the results from other polluted rural sites and from urban areas, the large values of these species in the outflow of PRD/southern China suggest source(s) emitting higher levels of ethyne, benzene, and toluene, relative to light alkanes. These chemical characteristics could be unique indicators of anthropogenic emissions from southern China.     

河南赵岭构造蚀变岩型金矿床微量元素地球化学特征

赵岭金矿床是典型的受构造控制的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,位于外方山断隆与旧县-大章断陷盆地结合部位的东部.构造活动的多期性形成了构造岩的复杂性.脉动式、幔涌式的成矿作用导致金矿体在走向上、倾向上都具侧列再现、相互叠加等组合特征.每一次的脉动和幔涌形成的金矿体都表现了各自的地球化学特征和元素组合特征,成矿微量元素在垂向上具有各自的规律性.为本区的地质找矿提供了一个明显的找矿标志.     

粤西北庞西垌银(金)矿床控矿断裂特征与断裂控矿规律

庞西垌银(金)矿床是粤西北地区构造蚀变岩型银(金)矿床的典型代表之一.矿床产出受前寒武系及下古生界混合片麻岩与燕山晚期花岗岩之间的接触带断裂构造控制,矿体严格产于断裂带内部,呈脉状、透镜状.研究表明,控矿断裂的形态、产状变化对矿体空间定位有明显的控制作用,多组控矿断裂的交叉复合是矿体加大变厚的直接原因.矿体产出与断裂构造内部特定的断裂构造岩、蚀变岩及其分带有关.     

会泽铅锌矿床中自然锑的发现及伴生元素的分布特征

文章对会泽铅锌矿床的主要矿体进行了系统观察、采样，对其矿石进行了岩矿鉴定、化学分析(包括部分单矿物)和电子探针分析，并对其成矿作用做了探讨。首次在矿石中发现了自然锑，初步查明整个矿床中Ag，Cd，Ge，Cu，Sb等伴生元素的平均含量(wB／10^-6)分别为121．77、660．99、62．10、203．78和169．87，认为它们是晚成矿阶段形成的。