Toxic effects of several phthalate esters on the embryos and larvae of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs). In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP),diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch. In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP,DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control. Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP. Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos of 1-1. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs.     

Application of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae

The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC₅₀ at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-208), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821004, U0733006) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2001CB409700)     

多环芳烃的海洋环境行为及其代谢产物的研究进展

多环芳烃是一类广泛存在于环境中的持久性有机污染物,具有"三致"作用.环境中多环芳烃的某些不完全代谢产物同样可能具有持久性,有些甚至比母体多环芳烃的毒性更强,有可能对环境造成更大的危害.本文介绍了近年来国内外有关多环芳烃的海洋环境行为及其代谢产物毒性方面的研究进展,并重点对代谢产物的分析方法,包括高效液相色谱、气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用和液相色谱-质谱联用等,进行了总结,最后对该领域的研究方向进行了展望.     

胶州湾产蓝色素海洋链霉菌的初步研究

在胶州湾沿海采取泥样和水样,从中分离了300余株海洋链霉菌(marine Streptomyces),并对其生理生化性质作了初步研究,建立了胶州湾海洋链霉菌菌种库。在该菌种库中,约有3%的菌株可产生天然蓝色素。其中一株海洋链霉菌(marine Streptomycessp.)M259能够高产天然蓝色素。M259对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas areuginosa)、隐球菌(Crytococcal meningitis)有较强的抑菌活性。对其生理生化性质进行了鉴定,结果表明它可以利用可溶性淀粉、甘油、蔗糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖、肌醇、木糖、D-甘露糖、核糖等碳源;能利用大部分氮源,尤其对酵母粉的利用很显著;最适生长pH为7.0~7.4;最适培养温度为28~30℃。结果提示它属于蓝色类群,并与天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces cyanogenus)和产蓝链霉菌(Streptomyces ceolicolor)亲缘关系最为密切。此外还优化了M259的发酵培养基和培养条件,使得蓝色素在摇瓶条件下,OD590达到7.74。通过对M259所产蓝色素性质的研究,发现此色素水溶性较强,耐热性较好,在酸性条件下呈红色,在碱性条件下呈蓝色。此外,毒性实验的结果表明所提纯的蓝色素没有毒性,为进一步开发和利用该色素提供了可能。     

荧蒽与铜对三角褐指藻的单一和联合毒性

在实验室条件下研究了多环芳烃荧蒽和铜对三角褐指藻的单一和联合毒性。结果表明:在本实验所测试的浓度范围内,荧蒽(0~0.315μg/mL)和铜(0~1.262μg/mL)分别对该藻的生长产生了一定的影响,且都呈现较好的剂量-效应关系;其中当荧蒽浓度升高至0.079μg/mL或铜离子浓度升至0.317μg/mL时,开始明显抑制藻种群的增殖。经回归分析求得荧蒽和铜对三角褐指藻的72hEC50分别为(0.103±0.009)μg/mL和(0.531±0.037)μg/mL。在联合毒性实验中,定义0.5×EC50(荧蒽) 0.5×EC50(铜)=1个毒性单位(TU)。荧蒽和铜混合后,对三角褐指藻的72hEC50为(1.093±0.085)TU,其联合毒性效应方式表现为拮抗作用。     

海洋微藻的体外抗肿瘤活性初筛

采用小鼠乳腺癌细胞株tsFT210的细胞周期抑制、细胞凋亡诱导、细胞坏死以及对卤虫的毒性为活性指标,对48种海洋微藻的甲醇提取物的抗肿瘤活性进行了筛选。结果表明,以卤虫毒性为活性指标时,9种海洋微藻显示了不同程度的抗肿瘤活性,以tsFT210为筛选模型时,也有9种具有抗肿瘤活性,其中3种为明显的细胞凋亡诱导活性、2种为细胞坏死性活性、1种为G2/M期抑制活性,因此有必要进行开拓海洋微藻药用新资源的研究。     

苯酚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠对奥尼罗非鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

用苯酚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠对奥尼罗非鱼进行急性毒性实验,以评价其在水环境中对奥尼罗非鱼的影响。研究表明:苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼的24、48、96 h的LC50分别为40.33、34.23、28.07 mg/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠分别为10.06、9.14、8.48 mg/L;苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼SC及最大容许浓度MPC分别为2.807、0.281 mg/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠对奥尼罗非鱼SC为0.848 mg/L,最大容许浓度MPC为0.085 mg/L。     

氨对长毛对虾幼体的毒性

氨对长对虾各期幼体的毒性试验表明：蚤状幼体对氨最每天敏感，而仔虾幼体对氨的耐受性最强，在盐度３２，ＰＨ８．２０，水温２９．０℃时，无节幼体Ⅱ期，蚤状幼体Ⅰ期，仔虾第五天２４ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为１３．２０（１．１５）、９．９７（０．８７）、２６．９９（２．３５）和６０．８１ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３ΣＮＨ＾＋４（ＮＨ３）－Ｎ＾１（５．３０ｇｍ／ｄｍ＾３ＮＨ３－Ｎ）．Ｚ１，Ｍ１，Ｐ５的４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为５．     

Tolerance of ciliated protozoan Paramecium bursaria (Protozoa, Ciliophora) to ammonia and nitrites

1 INTRODUCTION Ammonia and nitrites are common pollutants in waters used for intensive aquiculture, and are harmful to cultured animals and their larvae when present in sufficiently high concentrations (Zhou, 1991). Ammonia in water is usually derived from animal excretion and catabolism of organic materi- als. It occurs in un-ionized and ionized forms. Un-ionized ammonia can pass through cell mem- brane and is harmful to the cells due to its fat-soluble feature (Chen, 2000; Chin, 2001).…