REGIONAL TOURISM COOPERATION IN TRIANGLE ZONE OF LIAONING PROVINCE

Strengthening the regional tourism cooperation is the requirement of both tourism development and tourist competition drive. On the one hand, resources, products, market and infrastructure in tourism are characteristics of half-public goods, which are the externalities. On the other hand, tourism competition has evolved from individual scenic spot, or finn competition to regional competition, which also requires urgent regional tourism cooperation. In recent years, the regional economic cooperation has been becoming popular in the world. The triangle tourism zone of Liaoning Province, constituted by Shenyang, Dalian and Dandong, is the core region of Liaoning tourism system. This regional tourism cooperation has been raised for a long time, but has not made substantial progress as yet. In recent years, the strategic cooperation among them has been becoming urgent, along with the change of tourism competition models, as well as the desire for building a Northeast Asia tourist economy circle. Based on literature, this paper establishes a conceptual frame of regional tourism cooperation and applies it in the analysis of the strategic tourism cooperation of Liaoning Province＇s golden triangle zone. This paper firstly examines both qualifications and motives concerning with cooperation among the three cities, and believes that the biggest difficulties involve traditional ideas, administrative institutions, communications, economic performances, time constraints, and more overlap among their tourist markets. Then this paper continues to construct a cooperating mechanism, including participant arrangements, construction of operating mechanism and construction of assisting mechanism. At last, this paper proposes approaches to the strategic cooperation such as introducing Xiuyan County, strategic integration and developing differentiated and complemented tourism products.     

Rapid urbanization in a transitional economy in China: The case of Hainan Island

The outcomes and forms of urbanization and modernization in China following the reform and opening of the late 1970s have attracted extensive attention and competing interpretations in scholarly documentation. This paper focuses on Hainan Island, established in 1988 as the biggest special economic zone in China. Since then, considerable inflows of human as well as speculative capital have led to rapid real estate, in particular tourism-related, development. While urban expansion and improvements have been encouraged, the ongoing over-building, unregulated conversion of land use and degradation of the urban environment present serious social and economic problems. This paper summarizes the trajectory, causal factors and outcomes of this urban growth and consequent planning problems that make the island an atypical case in China's urbanization experience. We argue that the establishment of a practical framework combining socioeconomic planning, land use planning, and the management of both, is crucial to achieve sustainable growth for this transitional economy.     

旅游景点规划的基本原则和方法探析

旅游规划于二战后起源于欧洲,在20世纪90年代以后得到了长足的发展.伴随旅游规划理论的不断发展.旅游规划规划的分类也日益细化,从空间的角度可以将其分为区域旅游规划、旅游区规划和景点规划.作为旅游规划的一种形式,景点规划是一种范围相对较小的规划,国内外对景点规划的研究相对较少.笔者通过多年的旅游规划实践,总结提出了正确处理景点建设、环境保护与社区发展的关系等景点规划的基本原则,同时列举了一些有效的规划方法,并结合自己的规划案例阐述其在景点规划的应用.     

色彩在旅游开发中的作用探析

从色彩及色彩文化的基本内涵出发,指出在旅游开发中可以借鉴利用的主要色彩理论,并在理论推理的基础上,分析色彩文化对于旅游资源评价、文化发掘、特色主题打造、色彩景观设计、资源整合、线路设计等方面的作用,阐明了色彩文化在整个旅游开发规划过程中可以作为旅游开发的"红颜"、"红娘"、"红豆"、"红装"、"红线"等形式的可行性.     

广东新会圭峰山风景名胜区旅游发展的SWOT分析

基于企业营销策略SWOT分析方法，对广东新会圭峰山风景名胜区目前存在的优势与劣势进行详细的定性分析，并确定其在发展过程中可能遇到的机遇和挑战。分析结果表明，景区具有“近市”区位与资源丰富等优势，但也存在宣传不足、保护不周与管理不善等方面的劣势。因此景区如何抓住侨乡故里情结浓、葵乡文化集聚与政府支持等机遇，迎接住来自附近景区竞争压力与城镇经济落后的挑战，发挥优势，避开劣势，树立形象，打响品牌是目前景区旅游发展中面I临的重大问题。对此提出圭峰山风景名胜区旅游发展的四大战略，如打造特色文化生态旅游品牌，推行五邑联游，制定优惠政策，实施规范化管理等。     

国外社区旅游研究进展

作为可持续旅游的重要实现形式和手段，社区旅游自20世纪70年代提出以来，就迅速引起学术界的极大关注，并成为国外旅游研究的重要课题。通过对国外《Annals of Tourism Research》和《Tourism Management》两种SSCI引用的旅游期刊所发表的相关文献的梳理，试图对国外社区旅游研究工作进行归纳和评述，着重析述了社区旅游的概念与内涵、旅游对社区的影响研究、社区居民对旅游影响的态度和感知研究、社区开发与管理研究以及相关专题研究等5个方面，以期为中国社区旅游的健康发展提供指导，并借此推动国内旅游学术界对社区旅游的进一步研究。     

旅游环境承载力研究综述

旅游业发展推动经济发展的同时,对当地自然环境的压力也越来越大.实现经济发展与环境保护的双赢是旅游地管理者必须解决的问题.旅游环境承载力是协调经济发展与环境保护的有效工具之一.在查阅大量文献基础上,得到以下结论:(1)国外旅游环境承载力的研究经历了科学理论和管理工具两个阶段,在促进旅游业发展的同时也存在一些不足;(2)国内学者对旅游环境承载力进行了大量研究,研究重点在理论研究,有学者研究领域涉及管理工具.尽管取得了很大成就,与国外研究相比仍存在一定差距;最后提出今后一段时间内国内旅游环境承载力研究的重点.     

香港花岗岩地貌地质旅游的开发

地质旅游利用现有的地质资源，以一种崭新的角度去发展可持续性的旅游景点。香港地少人多，发展旅游吸引点是极度困难的。香港陆地约有30％为花岗岩覆盖，其中的一半已在城市之下，其余的则拥有相当吸引人的地质景象，有极大潜力发展地质旅游。除吸引地质生态有关游客外，在花岗岩地区开发地质旅游，更容易普及地球科学，同时增强公众对地质地貌之欣赏能力，提高环保及地质保护意识。不过，于香港花岗岩区发展地质旅游所遇到的困难亦不少，主要来自规划、行政及安全的问题，当中需要政府、地区民众及地质旅游工作者并肩合作，寻求最佳解决方法。     

Secular pilgrimages and sacred tourism in the Indian Himalayas

Assuming the above quote as a true portrayal of pilgrims, this article attempts to describe the prototypical pilgrim from amongst the wide array of contemporary religious and secular tourists. To achieve this end, two approaches have been adopted. Firstly, the phenomenon/concept of pilgrimages have been discussed, so to distinguish it from the tourism phenomenon and; Secondly, the geographical notion of genus loci has been employed to exemplify the fundamental quest for ‘geopiety’ attained through the unification of the pilgrim’s intrinsic belief with its external location. The second part of the article illustrates the forgoing through an exploration of Himalayan pilgrimages. This has been achieved with a discussion of the emerging practices and recent trends in Himalayan pilgrimology. This appraisal alludes to Cohen’s quest for a ‘Theology of Tourism.’ The article concludes with an examination of a specific genre of contemporary tourists in the Indian Himalayas, who have been identified as ‘environmental pilgrims.’

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