鄂尔多斯盆地中生代地层剥蚀量估算及其地质意义

盆地演化中地层的沉积与剥蚀及盆地的历史构造形态变动是盆地分析及其矿产富集的重要影响因素。本文考虑到盆地西部白垩系的声波时差资料的分段性和估算中生代三叠纪以来抬升剥蚀事件强度所需选择合理方法的重要性,采用钻井分层资料“点连线,线线相交闭合”方式,应用以地层对比为主的方法估算了三叠纪以来4期地层抬升并遭受剥蚀的剥蚀量。估算结果发现,白垩纪末期为三叠纪以来最强烈一期全盆抬升剥蚀事件,三叠纪末期、中侏罗世和侏罗纪末期等3期剥蚀事件相对较弱。剥蚀强度分布与盆地演化模拟结果表明,盆地自三叠纪以来的构造变动表现为一掀斜过程;对盆地三叠系油气生成、运聚的影响分析认为,三叠系烃源岩在晚侏罗世前已生烃,掀斜构造演化过程使油气运移指向盆地东部及东南地区。     

利用EMD进行GNSS-MR潮位监测研究

GNSS-MR是一种新兴的遥感手段,可利用多路径效应探测地表环境。该方法已应用于潮位探测,取得了不错的效果。针对该方法存在的信号混杂问题,本文提出了利用经验模态分解法提取信噪比中的海水信号,避免了噪声信号及海岸反射信号的影响,并以布设在美国华盛顿州Friday Harbor海港的SC02测站为例,对比分析了利用EMD方法及传统方法反演得到的潮位数据。研究结果表明,该方法使LSP结果的RMSE相较于传统方法提升了5.36%,可用于提取较为纯净的海面信号,在一定程度上提高了反演精度。     

海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术——潮期羽角预测研究

地震采集技术在野外地震调查中起着举足轻重的作用,特别是对三维地震调查方法的研究。其中对潮期和羽角的研究能够给三维地震调查提供有力的保障,可以起到事半功倍的效果。潮期预测的主要目的在于"通过对作业海域潮位数据的分析,预测一个较长时间段之内(一个月以上)潮汐变化规律",因此,通过研究,可以选择最佳作业时机进行野外采集,为"航次计划"提供基础数据,降低采集费用、提高作业效率。     

基于GIS的近30年长江口及其邻近海域赤潮时空分布特征研究

收集了1990年—2019年长江口及其邻近海域(120°30'E～123°30'E,29°00'N～32°30'N)记载的赤潮事件,基于GIS软件对所有赤潮事件进行整理,分析了赤潮的时空分布规律,并绘制长江口及邻近海域赤潮分布图.结果表明:近30年来,长江口及其邻近海域赤潮经历了先升高后下降的过程,赤潮次数共计144次,赤潮面积>1000 km2有28次.赤潮发生核心区集中在长江口外、花鸟山-嵊泗列岛、岱山岛-中街山列岛、舟山岛-朱家尖岛海域;长江口及邻近海域赤潮多发期为5—8月,5、6、7、8月发生的赤潮次数分别占总数的28.37％、34.75％、17.78和9.29％;东海原甲藻(Prorocenrum donghaiense)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是长江口及其邻近海域最常见赤潮肇事种,发生次数分别为55次和40次,占统计总次数的38.19％和27.78％,2000年以来,东海原甲藻赤潮发生频率呈上升态势.     

西南黄海M2分潮的数值模拟

本文采用普林斯顿大学海洋模式(POM)结合中国海军司令部发布的海图地形资料, 对西南黄海M2分潮进行了三维数值模拟。利用近岸4个验潮站水位资料和一组2008年夏季鲁南海槽中30m水深处潜标测流资料, 对模拟的潮汐和潮流结果进行了对比。模式模拟的M2分潮振幅与青岛、石臼所和吕泗这三个验潮站的实测资料符合良好; 但与连云港验潮站的实测振幅相比, 模拟振幅明显偏小, 推断主要原因是连云港港口实际水深值与海图地形中的水深值相差较大, 造成模拟结果的偏差。模拟的潮流结果与潜标测流资料在上层和中层较接近, 模拟的近底层潮流结构与实测资料相比存在较大偏差, 推断是由于模式的垂直混合系数误差造成的。使用该模式研究了西南黄海M2分潮对模式地形的敏感性, 发现采用海图地形数据和ETOPO5地形数据所模拟的西南黄海潮汐和潮流有显著不同。使用较平滑的ETOPO5地形数据所模拟的结果中, 西南黄海近岸海区M2分潮振幅偏小、相位偏大、潮流偏弱。研究表明, 鲁南海槽的存在增大了海州湾的潮汐振幅, 苏北浅滩对向南传播的潮波起到了阻挡作用。以上两个西南黄海近岸海区地形的重要特征在ETOPO5地形数据中没有被体现出来, 因此造成模拟误差。     

Vertical Land Motion in the Mediterranean Sea from Altimetry and Tide Gauge Stations

We have computed estimates of the rate of vertical land motion in the Mediterranean Sea from differences of sea level heights measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter and by a set of tide gauge stations. The comparison of data at 16 tide gauges, using both hourly data from local datasets and monthly data from the PSMSL dataset, shows a general agreement, significant differences are found at only one location. Differences of near-simultaneous, monthly and deseasoned monthly sea level height time-series have been considered in order to reduce the error in the estimated linear-term. In a subset of 23 tide gauge stations the mean accuracy of the estimated vertical rates is 2.3 ± 0.8 mm/yr. Results for various stations are in agreement with estimates of vertical land motion from geodetic methods. A comparison with vertical motion estimated by GPS at four locations shows a mean difference of ?0.04 ± 1.8 mm/yr, however the length of the GPS time-series and the number of locations are too small to draw general conclusions.     

Absolute Calibration of the Jason-1 Altimeter Using UK Tide Gauges

This article describes an “absolute” calibration of Jason-1 (J-1) altimeter sea surface height bias using a method developed for TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) bias determination reported previously. The method makes use of U.K. tide gauges equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to measure sea surface heights at the same time, and in the same geocentric reference frame, as Jason-1 altimetric heights recorded in the nearby ocean. The main time-dependent components of the observed altimeter-minus-gauge height-difference time series are due to the slightly different ocean tides at the gauge and in the ocean. The main harmonic coefficients of the tide differences are calculated from analysis of the copious TOPEX data set and then applied to the determination of T, P, and J-1 bias in turn. Datum connections between the tide gauge and altimetric sea surface heights are made by means of precise, local geoid differences from the EGG97 model. By these means, we have estimated Jason-1 altimeter bias determined from Geophysical Data Record (GDR) data for cycles 1–61 to be 12.9 cm, with an accuracy estimated to be approximately 3 cm on the basis of our earlier work. This J-1 bias value is in close agreement with those determined by other groups, which provides a further confirmation of the validity of our method and of its potential for application in other parts of the world where suitable tide gauge, GPS, and geoid information exist.     

GNSS-Based Sea Level Monitoring

This paper attempts to assess the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate, reliable, and easy tool for sea level measurement. The GNSS technique was incorporated into a float based tide gauge system. A prototype of such an instrument was developed based on principles of conventional tide gauges, where high frequency noise is reduced mechanically. The ability of the GNSS based tide gauge (GTG) to monitor sea levels was tested in several experiments. The performance of the GTG was compared to that of a traditional tide gauge. The method of data analysis and data comparison between the GPS measurements and the tide gauge data is presented. The results show that the GTG is equal in performance to the traditional float operated tide gauge. It seems that the GTG is capable of delivering the same level of accuracy (1 cm), and its results are as reliable as its competitor, the traditional float tide gauge. The suggested instrument can be easily integrated into the array of permanent GNSS stations and assist in absolute measurements of sea level changes, caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect, for example.     

Geodetic determination of the surface topography of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea Level Project is an international scientific observation program to unify the vertical datums of the countries of the Baltic Sea with GPS measurements. In total, 35 tide gauges on shores and islands of the Baltic were occupied with GPS in 1993. After computing a new gravimetric geoid over the Baltic Sea, it was possible to unify the datums as well as to calculate the orthometric heights and the sea surface topography values for the tide gauge stations. The results obtained are shown.     

垂直分辨率对长江口海域M2分潮模拟的影响

基于EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code)模式建立了长江口及其邻近海域的三维水动力学模型, 研究模型的垂直分辨率对该海域M₂分潮模拟的影响。结果表明:垂直分辨率的变化对M₂分潮传播方向的模拟结果影响较小, 但其可通过底摩擦和湍流耗散两个计算过程来影响潮能通量的模拟结果, 最终对长江口和杭州湾内的M₂分潮振幅产生显著的影响。最底层厚度较大时, 上层自由水体的高流速特征在最底层过于明显, 进而导致计算的底摩擦应力偏高, 此时提高底层的垂直分辨率会降低底摩擦对能量的耗散。另一方面, 垂直湍流混合作用会随垂直分辨率的增加而增强, 所以垂直分辨率增加到一定程度后, 上层自由水体的高流速会经由增强的湍流混合而更多的传入底层, 使计算的底摩擦应力随垂直分辨率的提高而有重新增加的趋势, 进而又增强底摩擦对潮能的耗散。