Floodplain hydrology of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

The Mekong Delta is one of the largest and most intensively used estuaries in the world. Each year it witnesses widespread flooding which is both the basis of the livelihood for more than 17 million people but also the major hazard. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the hydrologic and hydraulic features is urgently required for various planning purposes. While the general causes and characteristics of the annual floods are understood, the inundation dynamics in the floodplains in Vietnam which are highly controlled by dikes and other control structures have not been investigated in depth. Especially, quantitative analyses are lacking, mainly due to scarce data about the inundation processes in the floodplains. Therefore, a comprehensive monitoring scheme for channel and floodplain inundation was established in a study area in the Plain of Reeds in the northeastern part of the Vietnamese Delta. This in situ data collection was complemented by a series of high‐resolution inundation maps derived from the TerraSAR‐X satellite for the flood seasons 2008 and 2009. Hence, the inundation dynamics in the channels and floodplains, and the interaction between channels and floodplains, could be quantified for the first time. The study identifies the strong human interference which is governed by flood protection levels, cropping patterns and communal water management. In addition, we examine the tidal influence on the inundation in various parts of the Delta, since it is expected that climate change‐induced sea level rise will increase the tidal contribution to floodplain inundation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oort Cloud Comet Perihelion Asymmetries: Galactic Tide, Shower or Observational Bias?

We investigate the distribution of Oort cloud comet perihelia. The data considered includes comets having orbital elements of the two highest quality classes with original energies designated as new or young. Perihelion directions are determined in galactic, ecliptic and geocentric equatorial coordinates. Asymmetries are detected in the scatter and are studied statistically for evidence of adiabatic galactic tidal dynamics, an impulse-induced shower and observational bias. The only bias detected is the well-known deficiency of observations with perihelion distances q > 2.5 AU. There is no significant evidence of a seasonal dependence. Nor is there a substantive hemispherical bias in either ecliptic or equatorial coordinates. There is evidence for a weak stellar shower previously detected by Biermann which accounts for ≈ 10% of the total observations. Both the q bias and the Biermann star track serve to weaken the evidence for a galactic tidal imprint. Nevertheless, statistically significant asymmetries in galactic latitude and longitude of perihelia remain. A latitude asymmetry is produced by a dominant tidal component perpendicular to the galactic disk. The longitude signal implies that ≈ 20% of new comets need an additional dynamical mechanism. Known disk non-uniformities and an hypothetical bound perturber are discussed as potential explanations. We conclude that the detected dynamical signature of the galactic tide is real and is not an artifact of observational bias, impulsive showers or poor data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

南黄海海域2021年绿潮的遥感监测与分析

通过卫星遥感影像对2021年南黄海海域绿潮的分布和发展进行了持续监测,发现3月底主要以马尾藻分布为主,后续马尾藻向北发展;5月中旬,南黄海中部海域监测到马尾藻分布;5月下旬,绿潮分布靠近江苏近岸,规模迅速扩大,主要以浒苔分布为主;6月19日达到峰值,随后绿潮覆盖面积下降,至8月25日完全消亡。绿潮规模在5月下旬进入暴发阶段,至6月中旬达到峰值。完整分析了南黄海海域2021年绿潮的发展与空间分布特征,可推动绿潮防控的研究与应用,为后续绿潮防控提供参考。     

固体潮理论值一阶微商的解析表达式及拟合检验

本文采用全微分法,导出了直接而严密的固体潮理论值对时间一阶微商的解析表达式．将其应用于固体潮资料的拟合检验,确保了理论上的严谨性和计算精度．文中还介绍了部分拟合检验的应用实例,并与不同拟合方法进行了对比分析,表明全微分法在运算处理速度上与谐波展开法和数值微分法相比得到了成倍的提高,而与天顶距微分法的运算速度相同．     

潮汐形变资料中地震前兆信息的识别与提取

将小波变换的多分辨率分析引入潮汐形变资料处理中，对近年来云南地区的3次强震前的潮汐形变观测资料进行了处理与分析，发现在地震前2～5个月，震中附近的形变台站都接收到一个频段相同的异常信号，且它们之间是相关的，相关系数达80％以上，由此可以确定信号是由同一个源发出来的。出现在多个台站的相同频段的异常信号很可能就是我们想要得到的地震前兆信息。     

固体潮潮汐因子的特征频谱及其应用

本文应用非线性谱分析中的最大熵谱分析方法（ＭＥＭ）、和一般线性功率谱的分析方法，对固体潮潮汐因子的时间序列进行了综合研究，指出固体潮潮汐因子的时间序列中普遍存在明显的半月左右周期的特征频谱；将其应用于地震前兆的分析与探索，对固体潮潮汐因子特征频谱中的前兆变化特征进行了解释，得出结论：半月左右周期的频率域，是固体潮观测中前兆响应的一个重要主频域。     

Scale factor calibration of a superconducting gravimeter at Esashi Station, Japan, using absolute gravity measurements

The scale factor of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) at the Esashi Earth Tides Station, Japan, was revised by repeating co-located absolute gravity measurements with an FG5 gravimeter. Although the calibration results from the absolute gravimeter (AG) show an apparent secular change in the scale factor of the SG (0.4% for the period 1993–2002), the relative scale factors, which are determined by tidal analysis with the response method, indicate that it has changed by no more than 0.01% during the above period. If the mean scale factor over the 10 years is adopted, a value of –56.082±0.029 Gal/V (1 Gal =10^–8 m s^–2) is obtained, which is about 0.4% smaller than that used in the global geodynamics project (GGP) database. Based on this newly determined scale factor, the tidal gravity factors at Esashi have been re-estimated. The observed tidal factors, corrected for the ocean tide effects with recent models, indicate that the theoretical gravity factors for an inelastic Earth model are more consistent with the observations than are those for an elastic model.     

Absolute gravity values in Norway

Absolute gravity observations yield insight into geophysical phenomena such as postglacial rebound, change in the Earth's hydrological cycle, sea level change, and changes in the Earth's cryosphere. In the article, the first gravity values at 16 Norwegian stations measured by a modern absolute gravimeter of the FG5 type are presented. The gravity observations were corrected for Earth tides, varying atmospheric pressure, polar motion, and ocean tide loading. The ocean tide loading corrections were subject to special attention. A model based on locally observed ocean tides was applied at some of the stations. The authors estimated the total uncertainties of the gravity values to range from 3 to 4 µgal (1 µgal = 10^?8 m s^?2). These errors are of magnitude one order less than previously presented absolute gravity values from Norway. The final gravity values are time tagged and will change due to postglacial rebound. The maximum effect is expected to be approximately ?1 µgal yr^?1.     

南海北部不同涡旋对内潮的影响

南海北部吕宋海峡是内潮最为活跃的区域之一,且涡旋种类繁多,不同特性的涡旋对内潮的影响不同。基于近岸与区域海洋共同模式(coastal and regional ocean community model,CROCO),模拟探究理想涡旋存在时,涡旋位置、极性、峰值流速和半径对内潮的影响。结果表明:涡旋位置是影响内潮的直接因素,位于涡旋区域内的内潮是主要影响对象,涡旋中心以西内潮方向变化的角度是以东的3倍。气旋涡和反气旋涡分别使潮能通量的方向向南和向北偏转,最大偏转角度超过12°,当涡旋所致背景流与内潮传播方向一致时,内潮群速度增强,反之减弱。涡旋对内潮的影响范围和幅度随着涡旋的半径和峰值流速的增大而变大。当涡旋峰值速度变大时,反气旋涡心以北的潮能通量增长量超过15 kW/m。当涡旋半径增大时,涡旋峰值速度的位置发生变化,涡旋的峰值流速和半径共同影响潮能通量水平分布结构,使其呈现纬向单峰或多峰结构。     

我国新记录绿潮物种Ulva laetevirens的比较叶绿体基因组学研究

在全球范围内广泛暴发的石莼属绿潮既包括大规模暴发的跨海域绿潮,也包括小规模暴发的局地绿潮。我国有关绿潮致灾物种的研究对象主要集中于黄海绿潮浒苔,而针对局地绿潮致灾物种的研究尚处于起步阶段。针对局地绿潮物种的鉴定和分布调查是有效预防和监测潜在大规模绿潮暴发的重要环节。本文对2020年11月初于山东烟台第一海水浴场暴发的石莼属绿潮进行了初步研究。经随机采样获得了12株藻体,根据tufA分子标记初步将其中11株鉴定为Ulvalaetevirens。本研究完成了U. laetevirens的一个代表性株系CNS00533的叶绿体基因组构建和解析。叶绿体基因组为110 889 bp,含有71个蛋白编码基因、27个tRNA基因和3个rRNA基因(rrl、rrn和rrn5)。烟台海域U.laetevirens株系叶绿体基因组基因组成和排列顺序与爱尔兰海域U.laetevirens株系MT179351完全一致,DNA序列相似性为99.8%,进一步证明CNS00533为U.laetevirens。此外,U.laetevirens的烟台株系与爱尔兰株系的叶绿体基因组也存在差异,烟台株系比爱尔兰株系多了5个I型内含子和1个II型内含子,导致叶绿体基因组长度增加7kb。CNS00533与U.rigidaMT179352叶绿体基因组之间存在多个不同的长片段插入序列(763—2 346 bp), DNA序列相似性也较低(93.1%);与U. australis MT179348相比差异更大,存在一个较大(覆盖45个基因)的基因组反转事件。在基于71个蛋白编码基因的遗传进化树中, CNS00533与U. laetevirens MT179351聚类在一枝,与U. rigida MT179352遗传距离较近,与U. australis MT179348的遗传距离很远,表明U. laetevirens、U. rigida和U. australis为石莼属的3个不同物种。2020年11月烟台海域局地绿潮事件的原因种U. laetevirens在我国近海绿潮事件中首次报道,本研究对该物种的分子进化分析将有助于对我国近海绿潮监测、物种鉴定提供数据支持和理论依据。