对流层经验模型在中国VLBI站上的优化分析

利用2010~2012年的IGS天顶对流层延迟(ZTD)序列、ERA5格网数据积分ZTD序列,在中国4个VLBI站点上对目前常用的经验模型进行优化,分别建立Local_ERA和Local_ZTD模型。基于2013~2014年IGS并址站点ZTD数据,将改进后的2种模型与全球GPT2w模型、SHAO-Gm模型进行对比。结果表明,改进后的Local_ERA、Local_ZTD模型精度相近,相对于GPT2w、SHAO-Gm模型平均精度在4个VLBI站点上都有提高,尤其在水汽季节性变化较强的北京站改进效果明显;其中Local_ERA平均精度略高于Local_ZTD,比GPT2w模型精度提高7.90%,比SHAO-Gm模型精度提高21.26%。     

顾及季节性变化的日本区域加权平均温度建模

利用2014~2018年的ERA-Interim数据建立适用于日本区域的加权平均温度模型,分析其误差并进行季节性改正。结果表明：1）建立的线性加权平均温度模型精度比Bevis模型提高约16%;2）线性模型的残差时间序列存在季节性变化,因此对模型进行季节性改正,改正后的模型精度比Bevis模型和线性模型提高约37%和25%;3）将3种模型与探空站积分Tm进行比较,进一步说明季节性改正后模型的优越性。     

山区三维静校正方法研究

依托国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”,对“山西国阳新能股份有限公司二矿390水平九采区高精度三维地震勘探”及山西阳泉五矿首采区老资料研究二个项目进行资料处理,以攻克影响勘探精度和分辨率的静校正问题。通过对二区块地震资料分别采用绿山折射静校正、综合折射静校正、层析静校正,发现综合折射静校正相对于绿山折射静校正,可以较好的解决静校正的短波长分量、长波长分量问题,更加准确的刻化出地质构造情况,而层析静校正能够更好地解决近地表横向速度变化大、地表没有同一稳定折射层、地表存在高速体等复杂地形的静校正问题,保证同相叠加和正确成像,提高资料的分辨率及勘探精度。     

Sedimentary facies of the central part of radial tidal sand ridge system of the eastern China coast

A unique radial tidal sand ridge system (RTSRS) has developed under a complex tidal current field on the eastern China coast between the Yangtze River delta to the south and the abandoned Yellow River (Huanghe) delta to the north. The present study examines the sedimentary evolution of a ridge-channel pair in the central RTSRS. Three cores, with two on the ridges and one in the channel, were drilled to reveal the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the system. Five sedimentary facies were distinguished, i.e. ridgeshallow subtidal facies, ridge-deep subtidal facies, nearsurface channel bottom facies, middle tidal flat facies and low tidal flat facies. The ridge-shallow subtidal facies consists of sandy strata with ripple cross beddings, horizontal lamina, and massive beddings. Bioturbation seldom occurs. The ridge-deep subtidal facies is primarily characterized by sandy and muddy interlayers with common flaser and lenticular bedding structures. Bioturbation appears abundantly. Massive and graded sediment sequences of storm origin are present as characterized by rich shell fragments. The nearsurface channel bottom facies consists of loose, soft, clayey silt deposits with deformed sedimentary layers. This facies occurs in the deeper part of the active channels. The middle tidal flat and lower tidal flat facies composed of silt-clay couplets prevailed primarily in the tidal flats. Incomplete sedimentary successions show that coastal plain deposits dominate in the study area during 12–13 ka B.P. The sandy ridge and channel facies became dominant during 4–6 ka B.P. when the sea level receded temporarily. Tidal ridge and channel in the study area became active during the last four decades. Sediment reworking due to typhoon and sandy ridge migration plays a key role in shaping the present radial ridge system.     

近1500年来吴淞江水系演变及其淤塞原因探讨

根据东晋以来有关吴淞江水系演化和水利工程的记载,通过对近1500年有关史料的整理,发现吴淞江水系日渐淤塞与海平面作用下的太湖流域地貌演变规律密切相关,与长江河口演变密切相关.由此得出:吴淞江水系演变的自然规律是其淤塞的主要原因,未来太湖流域的水环境整治、水利工程等建设必须遵循海平面作用下的地貌演变规律.     

Detailed seismicity mapping of the Altai-Sayan zone using large averaging areas

An improved technique is suggested for quantifying seismic activity over averaging areas of an arbitrary size. The example of the Altai-Sayan seismic zone is used to substantiate the choice of a 1° N × 2° E averaging area instead of the traditional one of 40×40 km². Maps compiled with averaging areas of different sizes can be spliced and correlated using a correction coefficient estimated in different models. The new seismicity map of the Altai-Sayan area covers more than 90% of the territory and provides a generalized image of activity being advantageous over the classic maps as it allows better correlation of regional seismicity with the tectonic setting. With larger averaging areas and, correspondingly, a greater amount of data in each area, one can obtain time series of seismic activity to be analyzed using mathematical statistics as a basis for mathematical modeling and simulation of the seismic process.     

遥感影像地形校正物理模型的简化与改进

针对考虑太阳直接辐射、天空散射辐射以及来自于附近地表反射辐射的复杂地形EMT 遥感影像地形校正物理模型公式复杂、计算繁琐、不易实施的特点以及存在过度校正的缺陷,对该物理模型进行简化和改进。提出一套简化模型相关参数,即r值,Vt,Vd,T↓(λ,θ)等的计算方案,从而简化计算过程,提高计算效率。并针对该地形校正物理模型朗伯体假设的缺陷,引入Minnaert参数k时模型进行非朗伯体修正。简化和改进的地形校正物理模型的校正实验结果表明该模型很好地消除了复杂地形EMT 遥感影像的地形阴影,从而证明该地形校正物理模型的简化和改进方案可行。     

基于物联网三层架构的地下工程测量机器人远程变形监测系统

针对地下工程变形监测特点,在物联网三层架构技术和测量机器人技术的基础上,以C#编程语言和SQL sever数据库为开发平台,借助GeoCOM开发包,通过远程控制测量机器人对地下工程进行自动化变形监测工作。在物联网三层技术架构自动化变形监测系统应用服务层中,介绍了提高数据处理精度的实时差分技术原理和围岩净空收敛分析方法。成功地将物联网技术应用在变形监测领域,保证了地下工程的安全服务;而这一系统设计思想更可为同类工程安全监测提供参考。     

一种针对侧扫声纳图像的数字镶嵌技术方法

以南海某海域实测侧扫声纳数据为例,研究侧扫声纳图像的数字镶嵌技术方法,对关键步骤进行详细的阐述。通过对原始侧扫声纳数据进行导航数据校正、海底线跟踪、斜距改正、TVG校正、船速校正、地理编码与重采样、拼接与镶嵌等处理,生成大区域、大范围、高分辨率、无缝拼接的侧扫声纳图像。实验结果证明声纳图像数字镶嵌技术的有效性,并取得理想的效果。     

南方丘陵区植被覆盖度遥感估算的地形效应评估

植被覆盖变化是生态环境领域的核心研究内容之一,但其估算精度常受到地形效应、土壤背景、大气效应等各种因素影响。以Landsat 8 OLI为遥感数据源,基于像元二分模型,分别利用归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)、经Cosine-C校正的归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)和归一化差值山地植被指数(NDMVI)建立植被覆盖度估算模型,以评估南方丘陵区植被覆盖度的地形效应。结果表明,3种植被覆盖度估算模型均能削弱地形效应,但消除或抑制地形效应影响的能力不同。比较而言,基于NDMVI指数构建的植被覆盖度估算模型的地形效应最小,更适合地形复杂区域的植被覆盖度遥感估算;基于Cosine-C校正的NDVI植被指数构建的植被覆盖度估算模型的地形效应次之,但存在一定的过度校正现象;基于NDVI植被指数构建的植被覆盖度估算模型的地形效应最大,尤其当坡度≥10°时,阴坡植被覆盖度比阳坡明显偏低。