北冰洋80°～85°N浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构

利用2008年夏季中国第3次北冰洋考察所获取的GPS探空资料对北冰洋(79°～85.5°N,144°～170°W)浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构进行了研究.结果表明:北冰洋浮冰区对流层中部大气的平均温度递减率为6.47℃/km;对流层顶高度为8.0～10.7 km,平均为9.3 km,对流层顶温度为-59.4～-43.5℃...     

东海海平面变化的综合分析

利用1993年1月至2011年12月的卫星高度计数据,研究了东海海平面变化的季节信号、线性趋势和低频信号,并结合风应力资料、Ishii温盐数据和海表面温度数据分析了季节信号和低频信号的驱动机制。东海季节性海平面变化主要由年信号组成,其占海平面变化的大部分;年信号振幅和相位的分布具有明显的区域差异;东海季节性海平面变化主要受海面风和海水热膨胀驱动,而且在不同季节、不同区域,两种驱动机制的作用存在明显差异,主导地位也不断变化;季节信号还受到黑潮的一定影响。1993-2011年间东海海平面线性上升速率为3.28mm/a,各海域海平面上升速率不同。东海海平面变化低频信号与比容海平面变化低频信号具有显著相关性,最大相关系数为0.55;东海比容海平面变化低频信号与SOI低频信号同样具有一定的相关性,最大相关系数为0.3。ENSO通过大气环流和黑潮洋流等对东海海域的比容海平面变化产生影响,比容海平面变化进而对东海年际间海平面变化产生调制作用,因此ENSO可以通过东海年际间比容海平面变化对东海年际间海平面变化产生影响。     

东海天然气水合物的地球化学标志与找矿远景

利用大量的海底沉积物样品，开展了东海天然气水合物卫星热红外遥感和沉积物酸脱气地球化学找矿研究。根据卫星热红外增温异常和海底浅表层沉积烃类异常及其他各种异常标志，可以预测冲绳海槽中南部海域为最可能的水合物赋存区。     

液体中声吸收对光声信号波形的影响

研究液体中声吸收对三种具有不同波形的脉冲光声信号的影响，把吸声介质视为一个线性、时空不变的低通滤波器，得到了考虑声吸收后光声脉冲的幅值和波形随传播距离变化的表达式。     

Fluid evolution and thermal structure in the rapidly exhuming gneiss complex of Namche Barwa–Gyala Peri, eastern Himalayan syntaxis

High‐grade gneisses (amphibolite–granulite facies) of the Namche Barwa and Gyala Peri massifs, in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, have been unroofed from metamorphic depths in the late Tertiary–Recent. Rapid exhumation (2–5 mm year^?1) has resulted in a pronounced shallow conductive thermal anomaly beneath the massifs and the intervening Tsangpo gorge. The position of the 300 °C isotherm has been estimated from fluid inclusions using CO₂–H₂O immiscibility phase equilibria to be between 2.5 and 6.2 km depth below surface. Hence, the near‐surface average thermal gradient exceeds 50 °C km^?1 beneath valleys, although the thermal gradient is relatively lower beneath the high mountains. The original metamorphic fluid in the gneisses was >90% CO₂. This fluid was displaced by incursion of brines from overlying marine sedimentary rocks that have since been largely removed by erosion. Brines can exceed 60 wt% dissolved salts, and include Ca, Na, K and Fe chlorides. These brines were remobilized during the earliest stages of uplift at >500 °C. During exhumation, incursion of abundant topography‐driven surface waters resulted in widespread fracture‐controlled hydrothermal activity and brine dilution down to the brittle–ductile transition. Boiling water was particularly common at shallow levels (<2.5 km) beneath the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, and numerous hot springs occur at the surface in this valley. Dry steam is not a major feature of the hydrothermal system in the eastern syntaxis (in contrast to the western syntaxis at Nanga Parbat), but some dry steam fluids may have developed locally.     

Pre-Impact Mid-IR and Optical Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Comet 9P/Tempel 1, the target of the Deep Impact mission, has been intensively observed for a long time period before the encounter. Pre-impact ground based monitoring of the comet was an important prerequisite for the success of the first space experiment in which a comet is treated by an artificial impact. It provided the background data needed to disentangle the features caused by the impact from variations caused by the natural activity of the comet. In this paper we present results from the ESO-monitoring of the comet, conducted in the thermal infrared and optical spectral ranges during several months before the Deep Impact encounter with the comet.     

Conditions of contact metamorphism, Papoose Flat Pluton, eastern California, USA: implications for cooling and strain histories

Abstract Petrological study of highly strained carbonate and pelitic rocks within the contact aureole surrounding the western part of the Papoose Flat pluton yields thermal profiles (plots of metamorphic temperature versus distance) across the aureole that show temperature gradients which are relatively flat and narrow (<100m). The gradients occur close to the contact and indicate a slight decrease in temperature from 500–550°C at the pluton/wall rock contact to 450–500°C at the outer margin of the aureole. One thermal profile across low-strain metasedimentary rocks located in the southern part of the aureole shows that thermal effects from emplacement extend no further than 600 m from the contact. Coexistence of andalusite and cordierite in pelitic rocks of the aureole constrain pressures to <4 kbar. Thermal modelling using an analytical solution of the conductive heat flow equation for a rectangular-shaped pluton reproduces the observed thermal maxima and profile shape. Conductive rather than convective cooling also is supported by isotopic and field evidence for limited fluid flow along the strongly deformed margin of the pluton. Simple thermal models coupled with observed high-temperature deformation features and a measured 90% attenuation of stratigraphic units in the plastically deformed western part of the pluton's aureole indicate that strain rates may have been of the order of 10^-12s^-1. Evidence for episodic heating, such as two distinct generations of andalusite growth in pelites from the aureole, alternatively may indicate a longer heating event and, therefore, slower strain rates. Thermal models also indicate that parts of the pluton still may have been above the solidus during deformation of the pluton margin and aureole.     

甘肃省东部地下热水的分布特征与勘查开发前景分析

地下热水是一种非常宝贵的矿产资源,目前国内外在开发利用方面已取得许多成功的例子,充分显示了地下热水资源有别于其它矿种资源的优越性.甘肃省东部是全省经济相对落后地区,资源较为贫乏,但相比而言,地下热水资源却较为丰富,现已发现的热水点就有14处,经对个别点的初步开发,均取得了较好的经济效益,已成为促进地方经济发展的途径之一.因此,如何进一步勘查和开发热水资源也引起了人们愈来愈多的重视.从区内地下热水的背景条件出发,对地下热水的形成、分布特征等进行了阐述,并对进一步勘查和开发的前景作了分析.     

多孔矿物介质对有机相变材料导热性能的影响

通过对制备的基于膨胀多孔石墨和硅藻土两种多孔矿物介质与硬脂酸丁酯有机相变材料的相变蓄热复合材料,采用调制差示扫描量热方法(MDSC)测试复合材料的导热系数,并借助层状复合材料热传导模型分析多孔矿物介质内部结构特征对复合材料的导热性能的影响,其结果表明,采用膨胀多孔石墨制备的相变蓄热复合材料具有明显的层状结构,其压制方向的导热系数更接近层状复合材料热传导模型c轴方向导热系数预测结果;采用硅藻土制备的相变蓄热复合材料的导热系数符合层状复合材料热传导模型的a-b平面方向导热系数预测结果,说明该复合材料内部结构具有非常好的连通性。多孔矿物介质对相变材料导热系数的增强效果不仅受多孔矿物介质导热系数的影响,还会受到复合材料内部结构特征的明显影响,在热传导方向上形成连通性结构有利于增强效果,而形成与热传导方向垂直的层状结构则不利于导热系数的增强,即使多孔矿物介质具有很高的导热系数。     

钙钛矿结构MgSiO3的分子动力学研究——体系大小对弹性性质与状态方程的影响

本文利用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了300~3000K、0.1~100GPa条件下,MgSiO3钙钛矿大小两个体系的平衡状况和热力学性质,并将大小两个体系的模拟结果与高温高压实验结果进行比较,验证体系大小对哪些物理性质有影响以及影响有多大,为后续工作选择合适的模拟体系进行模拟研究工作提供参考。研究发现,无论在模拟的平衡过程中还是利用模拟数据对状态方程参数的拟合中,大体系的拟合结果都比小体系的计算结果接近高温高压实验结果。大体系的各项模拟结果与高温高压实验结果相比,相差均在1%左右。因此,在计算条件允许的情况下,尽量模拟较大的体系有助于得到更精确的分子动力学研究结果。